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By screening 719 monkey samples across five countries, researchers found 23 Plasmodium-positive cases, with four enabling reliable mitochondrial and genome-wide species identification. Whole-genome analyses of these isolates plus additional P. simium and P. vivax datasets reconstruct evolutionary history, reveal recent genetic exchange, and suggest host-jump origins one to two centuries ago.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/genomic-insights-into-host-shifts-between-plasmodium-vivax-and-plasmodium-simium-in-latin-america/568067/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/genomic-insights-into-host-shifts-between-plasmodium-vivax-and-plasmodium-simium-in-latin-america/568067.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":73},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"How were host shifts between Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium simium investigated?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The study screened monkey samples from multiple Latin American countries, then used mitochondrial sequencing where possible and genome-wide variation data to perform population-genomic analyses.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What evidence supports a recent host jump for Plasmodium simium?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Genetic analyses indicate recent genetic exchanges between the two species and suggest that P. simium originated from a host jump approximately one to two centuries ago.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which biological functions showed signals of adaptation in Plasmodium simium?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Genome-wide scans reported positive selection in P. simium genes linked to primate host interactions (including PvRBP2a and PvRBP1b) and to mosquito vector interactions (including PvCMRP1, PvPAT, and Pvs47).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},568067,1792481748,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":73,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":45,"language":135,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":136,"faqs":137,"seo_title":138,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":139,"read_time":140},962090760608,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Evolutionary Applications  \nORIGINAL ARTICLE  OPEN ACCESS   \nGenomic Insights Into Host Shifts Between Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium simium in Latin America  \nMargaux J. M. Lefebvre1,2  | Fanny Degrugillier2 | Céline Arnathau2  | Camila González3 | Silvia Rondón3 | Andrés Link4 | Andrea Chaves5,6  | Julio A. Benavides2,7  | Aline Alves Scarpellini Campos8  |  \nEdmilson dos Santos8  | Rosana Huff8  | Cláudia Maria Dornelles da Silva8  | Ezequiel Vanderhoeven9,10  | Benoit De Thoisy11  | Michael C. Fontaine2,12  | Franck Prugnolle13,14  | Virginie Rougeron13,14   \n1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany | 2MiVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France | 3Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. , Colombia | 4Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C. , Colombia | 5Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica | 6Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica | 7One Health Institute and Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile | 8Centro Estadual de Vigilância Em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil | 9Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina | 10Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CONICET, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina | 11Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Laboratoire Des Interactions Virus Hôtes, Cayenne, Guyane, France | 12Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands | 13REHABS, International Research Laboratory, CNRS-NMU, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa | 14Sustainability Research Unit, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa  \nCorrespondence: Margaux J. M. Lefebvre ([margaux.jm.lefebvre@gmail.com](margaux.jm.lefebvre@gmail.com)) | Michael C. Fontaine ([michael.fontaine@cnrs.fr](michael.fontaine@cnrs.fr)) | Franck Prugnolle ([prugnolle@gmail.com](prugnolle@gmail.com)) | Virginie Rougeron ([rougeron.virginie@gmail.com](rougeron.virginie@gmail.com); [virginie.rougeron@cnrs.fr](virginie.rougeron@cnrs.fr))  \nReceived: 10 November 2025 | Revised: 2 February 2026 | Accepted: 5 March 2026  \nKeywords: host jump | plasmodium simium | plasmodium vivax | population genomics | zoonotic malaria  \nABSTRACT  \nMalaria in Latin America is largely caused by Plasmodium vivax, but the closely related monkey parasite Plasmodium simium has recently been observed in humans, thus raising new public health concerns. By screening 719 monkey samples from five Latin America countries, we identified 23 Plasmodium-positives. However, only four samples yielded sufficient mitochondrial DNA sequencing data to allow reliable species identification, and their inclusion in genome-wide population analyses. Using whole-genome variation data from these samples together with whole genome variations of 19 P. simium and 405 P. vivax isolates, we investigated their evolutionary history and population genetics. P. vivax, typically restricted to humans, was identified in three Colombian and one Brazilian monkeys, suggesting possible host niche expansion. Genetic analyses reveal recent genetic exchanges between both species and indicate that P. simium originated from a host jump approximately one to two centuries ago. Also other alternatives are possible, this host shift may have followed P. vivax migration from Central/North America to Brazil. Genome-wide scans revealed signals of positive selection in P. simium genes implicated in interactions with primate hosts, including PvRBP2a an","cbCaivU1iznwIcoB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivU1iznwIcoB","pdf",1395645,"English","# Introduction\n## Article overview and study rationale\n# Results\n## Host sampling and species identification\n## Genome-wide population and selection analyses\n# Discussion\n## Evolutionary history and zoonotic risk implications","[{\"question\":\"How were host shifts between Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium simium investigated?\",\"answer\":\"The study screened monkey samples from multiple Latin American countries, then used mitochondrial sequencing where possible and genome-wide variation data to perform population-genomic analyses.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence supports a recent host jump for Plasmodium simium?\",\"answer\":\"Genetic analyses indicate recent genetic exchanges between the two species and suggest that P. simium originated from a host jump approximately one to two centuries ago.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biological functions showed signals of adaptation in Plasmodium simium?\",\"answer\":\"Genome-wide scans reported positive selection in P. simium genes linked to primate host interactions (including PvRBP2a and PvRBP1b) and to mosquito vector interactions (including PvCMRP1, PvPAT, and Pvs47).\"}]","Genomic Insights Into Host Shifts Between Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium simium in Latin America | PDF",1791869226,7]