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Across experiments, gender-congruent patterns strongly shape evaluations of women’s interactions, while men’s interactions show more neutrality. Additional studies in jury deliberation test how juror gender affects perceived influence, confidence, and susceptibility to dissent, including settings involving intimate partner violence.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/gendered-associations-how-congruity-shapes-expectations-perceptions-and-decision-making-in-interaction/200554/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/gendered-associations-how-congruity-shapes-expectations-perceptions-and-decision-making-in-interaction/200554.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Aria Callaghan","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-27","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":79},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"How does gender congruity affect perceptions of women’s interactions?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Feminine interactions paired with female actors were rated as particularly likely, while masculine interactions paired with female actors were rated as particularly unlikely.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How do participants evaluate the influence of male versus female jurors?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Participants perceive female jurors as less influential than male jurors, but the actual influence on decisions appears equal regardless of juror gender.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What trial context increases the likelihood of voting guilty?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Women are more likely than men to vote guilty across trial evidence, with particularly high guilty votes in intimate partner violence (IPV) trials, while juror influence overall remains low and does not vary much by gender or trial content.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},200554,1788509300,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":79,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":140},962084926284,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Gendered Associations:  \nHow Congruity Shapes Expectations, Perceptions, and Decision-making in Interaction  \nby  \nKiersten Hasenour  \nDepartment of Sociology  \nDuke University  \nDefense Date: January 30, 2025  \nApproved:  \nLynn Smith-Lovin, Advisor  \nAshley Lauren Harrell King  \nCraig M Rawlings  \nStephen B Vaisey  \nDissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology in The Graduate School of  \nDuke University  \nABSTRACT  \nGendered Associations:  \nHow Congruity Shapes Expectations, Perceptions, and Decision-making in Interaction  \nby  \nKiersten Hasenour  \nDepartment of Sociology  \nDuke University  \nDefense Date: January 30, 2025  \nApproved:  \nLynn Smith-Lovin, Advisor  \nAshley Lauren Harrell King  \nCraig M Rawlings  \nStephen B Vaisey  \nAn abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology in The Graduate School of  \nDuke University  \n2025  \nCopyright by Kiersten Hasenour 2025  \nAbstract  \nIn this dissertation, I present a series of survey experiments that contribute to our understanding of gender congruity and its impacts on perceptions and decision-making in interaction. In Chapter 2, I explore individuals’ perceptions of male and female actors’ gender congruent and incongruent interactions. I ask participants to rate the likelihood of a series of interactions, randomly assigning them to see a male or female actor in each. I also collect other participants’ ratings ofthe “genderedness” of these same interactions, or expectations for the gender of the individual involved. I find that gender congruity strongly shapes perceptions of women’s interactions: feminine interactions with female actors were rated as particularly likely while masculine interactions with female actors were rated as particularly unlikely. Men’s interactions, however, were rated neutrally, neither likely nor unlikely, regardless of whether they were perceived to be more masculine or feminine. This has implications for the way interaction partners and observers respond to men and women in interpersonal settings. Where reactions to men’s congruent and incongruent interactions seem to be somewhat indifferent, women may face stronger negative or positive responses to their behavior depending on whether it is gender congruent or not.  \nIn Chapter 3, I explore how gender shapes interaction in a particular context: jury deliberation. In particular, I investigate the impact of gender and gender congruent or incongruent emotion expression on jurors’ ability to have influence on fellow jurors. I ask participants to review trial evidence and engage in mock deliberation with pre-scripted jurors, experimentally manipulating the gender and emotion expression of one dissenting juror. I find that in deliberation, participants perceive a female juror to be less influential than a male juror, but are actually influenced equally regardless of juror gender. Further, female participants remained more confident in their original verdicts across deliberation while male participants were influenced more by the dissenter. Neither form of influence was affected by the juror’s emotion expression. I  \nsuggest that because the trial depicted domestic violence, which is culturally associated with female victims, women may have had more influence and greater confidence in their verdicts in this situation than they typically would. I test for this possibility in Chapter 4 by manipulating whether participants see evidence for a murder trial involving intimate partner violence or not involving intimate partner violence (IPV) . I find that women are more likely than men to vote guilty across all trial evidence, but are particularly likely to vote guilty for IPV trials. Men are especially likely to vote not guilty for IPV trials. Further, participants were more likely to vote guilty when they anticipated deliber","cbCaia4U731OyHwE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaia4U731OyHwE","pdf",1399287,122,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Role Congruity or Overall Male Agency?: Indifference to Men’s One-Time Interactions\n## Gender Role Congruity or Overall Male Agency?\n## Measuring (Gendered) Meaning\n## Affective Meaning\n## Cognitive Meaning\n## Current Study\n## Methods and Data","[{\"question\":\"How does gender congruity affect perceptions of women’s interactions?\",\"answer\":\"Feminine interactions paired with female actors were rated as particularly likely, while masculine interactions paired with female actors were rated as particularly unlikely.\"},{\"question\":\"How do participants evaluate the influence of male versus female jurors?\",\"answer\":\"Participants perceive female jurors as less influential than male jurors, but the actual influence on decisions appears equal regardless of juror gender.\"},{\"question\":\"What trial context increases the likelihood of voting guilty?\",\"answer\":\"Women are more likely than men to vote guilty across trial evidence, with particularly high guilty votes in intimate partner violence (IPV) trials, while juror influence overall remains low and does not vary much by gender or trial content.\"}]","Gendered Associations - How Congruity Shapes Expectations, Perceptions, and Decision-making in Interaction | PDF",43]