[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-161442-105":53,"doc-detail-161442-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","francos-mutilated-gentlemen-masculinity-and-war-disability-in-modern-spain-1936-1976","Franco’s ‘Mutilated Gentlemen’: Masculinity and War Disability in Modern Spain, 1936-1976","","This thesis investigates masculine identity in Francoist Spain “from below,” focusing on representations and lived experiences of Spanish Civil War veterans with war disabilities. It examines how these men contested Francoist propaganda that emphasized discipline, physical strength, and self-control. Rather than treating the maimed as marginal or emasculated, it shows that the Civil War became central to the regime’s legitimising narrative. Under a dictatorship framing the conflict as a holy “Crusade,” disabled veterans were positioned as living martyrs through the category “Mutilated Gentlemen.”",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":46,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/paper-templates/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/francos-mutilated-gentlemen-masculinity-and-war-disability-in-modern-spain-1936-1976/161442/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/francos-mutilated-gentlemen-masculinity-and-war-disability-in-modern-spain-1936-1976/161442.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Terk","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-10-01","2026-08-30",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What core question does the thesis address about Francoist Spain?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"It examines masculine identity in Francoist Spain “from below,” focusing on how war disability shaped representations and experiences of Spanish Civil War veterans.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does the thesis position “Mutilated Gentlemen” within Francoist rule?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"It argues that the Civil War became central to the regime’s legitimising narrative, so disabled veterans were retained as symbolic figures and “living martyrs” rather than being left behind after the war.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which aspects of Francoist propaganda does the thesis analyze through disabled veterans?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"It analyzes propaganda’s emphasis on discipline, physical strength, and self-control, and shows how the disabled contested or were reframed within those masculine ideals.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},161442,1790560506,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":45,"category_name":46,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":47,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":141},1099525198933,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Franco’s ‘Mutilated Gentlemen’: Masculinity and War Disability in Modern Spain, 1936-1976\nStephanie Marylene Wright\nA thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of\nDoctor of Philosophy\nDepartment of History\nFaculty of Arts and Humanities\nUniversity of Sheffield\nMay 2018\n\u0003Contents\n\u0013 TOC \\o \"1-3\" \\h \\z \\u \u0014\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359404\" \u0014\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359405\" \u0014Abstract\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359405 \\h \u00144\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359406\" \u0014List of Figures\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359406 \\h \u00145\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359407\" \u0014Acknowledgements\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359407 \\h \u00146\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359408\" \u0014Introduction\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359408 \\h \u00148\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359409\" \u0014Situating the ‘mutilados’ within the historiography of modern Spain\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359409 \\h \u001416\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359410\" \u0014Francoist ‘Mutilated Gentlemen’ and the historiography of war disability\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359410 \\h \u001425\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359411\" \u0014Francoist mutilados and ‘hegemonic masculinity’\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359411 \\h \u001434\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359412\" \u0014Writing the history of the Francoist ‘disabled’: Sources and methodology\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359412 \\h \u001439\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359413\" \u0014Francoist ‘Mutilated Gentlemen’ in Popular Culture\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359413 \\h \u001442\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359414\" \u0014Voices ‘from below’: ego-documents of the maimed\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359414 \\h \u001444\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359415\" \u0014Working with military personnel files\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359415 \\h \u001447\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359416\" \u0014Images of the Francoist war disabled as historical sources\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359416 \\h \u001449\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359417\" \u0014The vocabulary of war disability after the Spanish Civil War\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359417 \\h \u001451\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359418\" \u0014Structure\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359418 \\h \u001457\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359419\" \u0014I: ‘Rebranding’ disabled masculinities: representing the ‘Mutilated Gentleman’\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359419 \\h \u001460\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359420\" \u0014Rebranding war disability: The Cuerpo de Mutilados and José Millán Astray\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359420 \\h \u001464\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359421\" \u0014Husbands and lovers: Representing Mutilated Gentlemen as ‘ordinary’ men\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359421 \\h \u001475\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359422\" \u0014Citizen Caballeros: Humility, suffering and self-control\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359422 \\h \u001485\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359423\" \u0014The relativity of stigma: veterans, beggars and jodidos cojos\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359423 \\h \u001495\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359424\" \u0014An incredible ideal? Cultural representations of the Mutilated Gentleman\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359424 \\h \u0014114\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359425\" \u0014II: Experiences of physical disablement: breadwinners, families and the relativity of privilege\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359425 \\h \u0014128\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359426\" \u0014Public personas\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359426 \\h \u0014131\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359427\" \u0014Material and institutional support\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359427 \\h \u0014137\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359428\" \u0014Work, masculinity, and the ‘national community’\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359428 \\h \u0014142\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359429\" \u0014Men’s work?\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359429 \\h \u0014152\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359430\" \u0014Mutilated Gentlemen in employment\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359430 \\h \u0014158\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359431\" \u0014Problematic workers\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359431 \\h \u0014168\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359432\" \u0014Mutilated Gentlemen and the family\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359432 \\h \u0014172\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359433\" \u0014Policing the ideal\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359433 \\h \u0014179\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359434\" \u0014III: Experience and identity: the mentally infirm\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359434 \\h \u0014191\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359435\" \u0014Methodology: working with psychiatric case files\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359435 \\h \u0014197\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359436\" \u0014Mental illness in the military: ‘veterans’ or ‘patients’?\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc515359436 \\h \u0014207\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc515359437\" \u0014Mental illness and masculinity in the dome","cbCaimmDvaWHY80t","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimmDvaWHY80t","docx",564402,259,"English","# Abstract\n# List of Figures\n# Acknowledgements\n# Introduction\n## Situating the ‘mutilados’ within the historiography of modern Spain\n## Francoist ‘Mutilated Gentlemen’ and the historiography of war disability\n## Francoist mutilados and ‘hegemonic masculinity’\n## Writing the history of the Francoist ‘disabled’: Sources and methodology\n## Francoist ‘Mutilated Gentlemen’ in Popular Culture\n## Voices ‘from below’: ego-documents of the maimed\n## Working with military personnel files\n## Images of the Francoist war disabled as historical sources\n## The vocabulary of war disability after the Spanish Civil War\n## Structure\n# Conclusion\n## The legacy of the Caballeros Mutilados\n# Bibliography","[{\"question\":\"What core question does the thesis address about Francoist Spain?\",\"answer\":\"It examines masculine identity in Francoist Spain “from below,” focusing on how war disability shaped representations and experiences of Spanish Civil War veterans.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the thesis position “Mutilated Gentlemen” within Francoist rule?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that the Civil War became central to the regime’s legitimising narrative, so disabled veterans were retained as symbolic figures and “living martyrs” rather than being left behind after the war.\"},{\"question\":\"Which aspects of Francoist propaganda does the thesis analyze through disabled veterans?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes propaganda’s emphasis on discipline, physical strength, and self-control, and shows how the disabled contested or were reframed within those masculine ideals.\"}]","Franco’s ‘Mutilated Gentlemen’: Masculinity and War Disability in Modern Spain, 1936-1976 | DOCX",1788099788,91]