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The study compares 11 3D-scanned foot measurements between healthy and deformed feet in 49 elderly participants aged 65–95. Results show distinctive characteristics associated with deformities, including greater hallux valgus severity and altered ball width for women, and higher instep height for men. Current footwear sizing systems fail to accommodate elderly foot length and width.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/foot-anthropometric-measurements-of-hong-kong-elderly-implications-abstract-keywords-and-introduction/565738/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/foot-anthropometric-measurements-of-hong-kong-elderly-implications-abstract-keywords-and-introduction/565738.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Blitz","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"What is the purpose of the study on Hong Kong elderly feet?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"To evaluate differences in anthropometric measurements between healthy and deformed feet, identifying key measurements that can support footwear sizing systems.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"How were foot measurements collected in this research?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"A 3D hand-held scanner was used to capture 11 foot anthropometric measurements.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What main differences were found between healthy and deformed feet?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"Elderly participants with deformities showed different foot characteristics, with hallux valgus severity and ball width changes in women and higher instep height in men being notable results. The study also reports that foot length and width used in current sizing systems do not fit elderly feet well.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},565738,1792086187,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":136,"language":137,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":138,"faqs":139,"seo_title":140,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":141,"read_time":76},24464137899374,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","9th Textile Bioengineering and Informatics Symposium (TBIS 2016), Melbourne, Australia, 12-15 July 2016  \nFoot Anthropometric Measurements of Hong Kong Elderly: Implications  \nfor Footwear Design  \nPui-Ling Li1, Kit-Lun Yick1*, Sun-Pui Ng2, Joanne Yip 1  \n1Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The HongKong Polytechnic University, HungHom, HongKong 2HongKong Community College, The HongKong Polytechnic University, HungHom, HongKong  \n*Corresponding author’s [email: kit-lun.yick@polyu.edu.hk](email: kit-lun.yick@polyu.edu.hk)  \nAbstract  \nDegenerative changes and foot deformities are common when people get older. Foot deformities, such as hallux valgus, bunionettes and pes planus, are commonly found among older people, which may lead to changes in foot anthropometry. A decline in functional mobility and greater risk of falling are linked to foot deformities and footwear. This study therefore aims to evaluate the anthropometric measurements between healthy and deformed feet in order to determine the key foot measurements in relation to the deformed foot which can also act as indicators in current footwear sizing systems. By using a 3D hand-held scanner, 11 foot anthropometric measurements are captured and used to characterise the dimensions and foot shape between healthy and deformed feet. A total of 49 elderly people between the ages of 65-95 years old, including 41 women and 8 men (mean: 81.71; SD: 7.08) are recruited for this study. The results indicate that the foot characteristics of elderly people with foot deformities are different from those without deformities, especially in the larger deformity of the degree of hallux valgus and increased width of the ball for women, and higher instep height for men. The length of the foot and ball, width and girth of the ball, and degree of hallux valgus deformity are common predictors for differentiating between healthy and deformed feet. It is also found that the current footwear sizing systems fail to accommodate the foot dimensions of elderly people in both foot length and width, which may therefore lead to foot discomfort and even limit their daily life activities.  \nKeywords: Foot problems; Anthropometry; Footwear design; Elderly; 3D scanning  \n1. Introduction  \nAgeing appears to be a major concern of the 21st century in almost every country. According to the World Health Organisation, one in every nine people in the world is 60 years old or older. This is expected to increase to one in every five people by 2050 [1] . Due to physical, sensory, and cognitive changes, falling and instability in balance are one of the well-recognised problems of older people. Apart from age-related loss of foot sensation that impairs the control of balancing reactions, the wearing of poorly fitted footwear has been identified as a major environmental risk factor for increasing the risk of falls [2] . On the other hand, foot morphology gradually changes with age and health conditions. Such changes may cause increased weight-bearing forces and excessively high pressures throughout the lower kinetic chain [3, 4] . According to a local study, about 50% of the studied geriatric patients were found to have various types of foot deformities, including pes planus, pes cavus, hallux valgus, bunionettes and enlargement of the width and height of the feet due to toe deformities or thickened nails [5] . A recent local study revealed that about 80% of the studied elderly people have at least one foot problem and/or various types of foot deformities [6] . Deformed feet may lead to a decline in functional mobility and add to a greater risk of falling. As compared to younger people, older people tend to have flatter, longer and wider (larger circumference) feet [7] . It is difficult for the elderly to find well-fitting shoes in the market since most shoe manufacturers utilise data from the feet of young adults for their shoe designs [8] . In traditional footwear sizing systems, customers are required to take the measu","cbCaieWUTCpxoRCu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieWUTCpxoRCu","pdf",415819,9,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the study on Hong Kong elderly feet?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate differences in anthropometric measurements between healthy and deformed feet, identifying key measurements that can support footwear sizing systems.\"},{\"question\":\"How were foot measurements collected in this research?\",\"answer\":\"A 3D hand-held scanner was used to capture 11 foot anthropometric measurements.\"},{\"question\":\"What main differences were found between healthy and deformed feet?\",\"answer\":\"Elderly participants with deformities showed different foot characteristics, with hallux valgus severity and ball width changes in women and higher instep height in men being notable results. The study also reports that foot length and width used in current sizing systems do not fit elderly feet well.\"}]","Foot Anthropometric Measurements of Hong Kong Elderly: Implications - Abstract, Keywords, and Introduction | PDF",1791857503]