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Building on prior reports of the FS across several dialects, it addresses which constituents can be FS-focused and how the structure is organized. Using acceptability judgments from 45 Colombian speakers, it shows FS focus targets only post-verbal elements. The study argues that FS ser morphology follows systematic patterns: agreement with the main verb in Tense and Aspect, and with contrasted post-verbal subjects and certain direct objects in Person and/or Number. Agree is proposed to account for these agreement processes.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/focalizing-ser-to-be-in-colombian-spanish-dissertation-title-doctor-of-philosophy/562732/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/focalizing-ser-to-be-in-colombian-spanish-dissertation-title-doctor-of-philosophy/562732.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"dawugda","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":9},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What does the dissertation study about Colombian Spanish?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"It examines the syntactic configuration of the focalizing ser (‘to be’) structure (FS) in Colombian Spanish, focusing on what constituents can be FS-focused and how the structure is configured.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does the dissertation determine which elements can be focused in FS?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"It relies on acceptability judgments collected from 45 Colombian speakers, showing that FS can focus only post-verbal elements.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What agreement relationships does FS ser show?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"FS ser establishes morphological agreement with the main verb in Tense and Aspect, and with contrasted post-verbal subjects and certain direct objects in Person and/or Number.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},562732,1792102832,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":9,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":141},3985747870947,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","FOCALIZING SER (‘TO BE’) IN COLOMBIAN SPANISH  \nDunia Catalina Méndez Vallejo  \nSubmitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of  \nDoctor of Philosophy in the Department of Linguistics and in the Spanish and Portuguese Department Indiana University  \nOctober, 2009  \nAccepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.  \nDoctoral Committee  \n\n| Yoshihisa Kitagawa, PhD |\n| --- |\n| Miguel Rodríguez-Mondoñedo, PhD |\n| César Félix-Brasdefer, PhD |\n| Manuel Díaz-Campos, PhD |\n\nKen de Jong, PhD  \nAugust 7th, 2009  \nA mis padres, César y Dunia,  \npor su constante apoyo y amor incondicional.  \nMami,  \nesto es para ti, para que te entretengas en el cielo.  \niii  \nAcknowledgements  \nI wish to thank all those who helped make this dissertation possible. I am profoundly grateful to my main advisor and committee chair, Yoshihisa Kitagawa, for his constant encouragement, his valuable comments, and his thoughtful professional and personal advice. I am deeply indebted to him for helping me develop this project and for teaching me how to become a professional linguist. I thank Miguel Rodríguez-Mondoñedo for the long afternoons spent discussing my dissertation topic and explaining the intricacies of Spanish syntax. I am extremely appreciative of César Félix-Brasdefer for motivating me to develop various research projects with him, for his interest in this particular project, and for his comments on the influence of pragmatics in syntactic variation. I also thank Manuel Díaz-Campos for his encouragement and for sharing his useful native-speaker intuitions about the structure here studied. I am very thankful to Kenneth de Jong for his keen comments and careful suggestions, and for always putting a smile on my face.  \nIn addition to my committee members, I owe many thanks to other professors who assisted with this project. Thanks to Iván Ortega-Santos, Mary Kato, and Chad Howe for their inspiring comments and suggestions. Thanks to Hideki Kishimoto and Koichiro Nakamura for their willingness to learn more about this project and for their insight on information structure. Many thanks to Jorge Guitart for his blissful conversation, his pertinent suggestions, and his honest interest in my dissertation. Thanks to Horacio Rosales Cueva, Rafael Barragán, and all the volunteers at Universidad Industrial de Santander who took part in this study. I also owe many thanks to those who encouraged me to undertake interesting research projects and to  \nbecome a linguist, even since I started my academic career at Indiana University: Stuart Davis, Robert Port, Steven Franks, Julie Auger, Robert Botne, Barbara Vance, and Erik Willis.  \nI extend my fervent appreciation to my linguist friends who were always interested in the progress of this dissertation, gave me helpful academic and personal advice, and offered valuable time to discuss my topic: Erin McNulty, Scott Lamanna, Eric Chappetto, Megan Armstrong, Michael Gradoville, Rich File-Muriel, Jorge Aguilar-Sánchez, Andrew Kostakis, Yu-Yin Hsu, Justin D’Amico, Rebecca Ronquest, Joshua Gordon, Marda Rose, Anne-José Villeneuve, Anupam Das, Junghyoe Yoon, and Kenji Yoshida.  \nI am very thankful to Israel Fernando Herrera, Camilo Vega and Maria Fernanda Arias, Tara Sullivan-Boivin, and Alejandra Triana Muñoz for their kind friendship, their continuing encouragment, and for keeping me sane throughout these past years.  \nLastly, but foremost, I am extremely grateful to my family, for believing in my academic efforts and for always being there for me when I need them the most. Thanks to my dear soul mate, Jonathan, for his persistent love and help, and for always showing me that there is light at the end of the tunnel. Thanks to my beloved parents, Dunia and César, for their immeasurable support and love. I am very fortunate to have been guided by my mother, Dunia, who I","cbCais2XFqc6SZKo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais2XFqc6SZKo","pdf",22746236,369,"English","# Introduction\n## Research purpose\n# Methodology\n## Acceptability judgments\n# Findings\n## Post-verbal focus constraints\n## Morphological agreement patterns\n# Theoretical Analysis\n## Agree account\n# Conclusion and Future Work\n## Extensions to semantic, pragmatic, prosodic, cognitive aspects","[{\"question\":\"What does the dissertation study about Colombian Spanish?\",\"answer\":\"It examines the syntactic configuration of the focalizing ser (‘to be’) structure (FS) in Colombian Spanish, focusing on what constituents can be FS-focused and how the structure is configured.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the dissertation determine which elements can be focused in FS?\",\"answer\":\"It relies on acceptability judgments collected from 45 Colombian speakers, showing that FS can focus only post-verbal elements.\"},{\"question\":\"What agreement relationships does FS ser show?\",\"answer\":\"FS ser establishes morphological agreement with the main verb in Tense and Aspect, and with contrasted post-verbal subjects and certain direct objects in Person and/or Number.\"}]","FOCALIZING SER (‘TO BE’) IN COLOMBIAN SPANISH - dissertation title - Doctor of Philosophy | PDF",1791809610,129]