[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-243372-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":81,"doc-detail-243372-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","fit-gap-analysis-the-role-of-business-process-reference-models","FIT GAP ANALySIS - ThE ROLE OF BUSINESS PROCESS REFERENCE MODELS","","Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems enable standardized business processes across finance, sales, procurement, and warehousing, while reference models improve the clarity and efficiency of ERP implementations. ERP vendors use these models to describe processes and ERP structures. Successful ERP selection and deployment require comparing system capabilities with company business needs, then identifying and analyzing all fits and gaps. The paper presents methods for applying reference models and details fit gap analysis processes, including a BPMN-based approach and a process-based comparison for supply chain and ERP reference models.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/","Template",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/","Presentations",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/fit-gap-analysis-the-role-of-business-process-reference-models/243372/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fit-gap-analysis-the-role-of-business-process-reference-models/243372.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Pentious","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-09-12",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the purpose of fit gap analysis in ERP projects?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Fit gap analysis compares an ERP system’s capabilities with a company’s business needs, then identifies and analyzes fits and gaps to support successful selection and implementation.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why do ERP vendors introduce business process reference models?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Reference models improve the understandability and efficiency of ERP implementation by formalizing generally accepted practices and the underlying structure of ERP processes.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What contributions does the paper make to fit gap analysis?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It presents a fit gap analysis using BPMN with a standard business process modeling notation, and it demonstrates a process-based comparison between a supply chain process and an ERP process reference model.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},243372,1791745835,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,93,98,103,108,113,118,123],{"id":85,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},11,90,"presentations",{"id":89,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":90,"show_sort_weight":91,"slug":92},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":94,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":99,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":104,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":109,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":114,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":119,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":124,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":126},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":128},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":129,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":22,"category_id":85,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":136,"language":137,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":138,"faqs":139,"seo_title":140,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":141,"read_time":142},1374404730887,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","FIT GAP ANALySIS – ThE ROLE OF  \nBUSINESS PROCESS REFERENCE MODELS  \ndeJan paJK1 Received: 16 July 2013  \nandreJ Kovačič2 Accepted: 14 August 2013  \n\n| abStract: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems support solutions for standard business processes such as financial, sales, procurement and warehouse. In order to improve the understandability and efficiency of their implementation, ERP vendors have introduced reference models that describe the processes and underlying structure of an ERP system. To select and successfully implement an ERP system, the capabilities of that system have to be compared with a company’s business needs. Based on a comparison, all of the fits and gaps must be identified and further analysed. This step usually forms part of ERP implementation methodologies and is called fit gap analysis. The paper theoretically overviews methods for applying reference models and describes fit gap analysis processes in detail. The paper’s first contribution is its presentation of a fit gap analysis using standard business process modelling notation. The second contribution is the demonstration of a process-based comparison approach between a supply chain process and an ERP system process reference model. In addition to its theoretical contributions, the results can also be practically applied to projects involving the selection and implementation of ERP systems. |\n| --- |\n| Key words: fit gap analysis, business process reference model, ERP system, reference model application, process comparison |\n| JeL classification: M15 |\n| 1. introduction\u003Cbr>Many companies have introduced ERP systems in order to stay competitive and to improve and change their business strategies (Winkelmann, 2012). ERP systems integrate standard business practices that suggest an effective and validated way to perform business operations. The business practices of ERP systems can be presented via reference models. Reference models are generic conceptual models that formalise recommended and generally accepted practices for a certain domain (Fettke & Loos, 2003).\u003Cbr>A significant number of information system implementation projects are unsuccessful (Lyytinen & hirschheim, 1988). Even the latest research shows that 10% of companies have recognised that their ERP project was a failure (Panorama Consulting Solutions, 2013). The |\n\n1 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics, Ljubljana, Slovenia, [e-mail: dejan.pajk@ef.uni-lj.si](e-mail: dejan.pajk@ef.uni-lj.si)[ ](e-mail: dejan.pajk@ef.uni-lj.si)[2](2 University of Ljubljana)[ University of Ljubljana](2 University of Ljubljana), [Faculty of Economics](Faculty of Economics), [Ljubljana](Ljubljana), [Slovenia](Slovenia), [e-mail: andrej.kovacic@ef.uni-lj.si](e-mail: andrej.kovacic@ef.uni-lj.si)  \nmain reason for this lies in underestimating the complexity of such a project that requires several organisational changes and the involvement of employees (Davenport, 1998).  \nThese days ERP systems need to offer a lot of functionality in order to cope with a large number of business requirements. This functionality needs to be aligned with the business in order to create value for the organisation, confronting the organisation with the options of either configuring the enterprise system, the organisation, or a combination of both (Dreiling, Rosemann, Aalst, Sadiq, & khan, 2005).  \nOne key success factor when implementing ERP is a focus on business processes and business needs. Even though it is known in theory and in practice that the use of reference models brings many positive economic effects for business, such as a cost, time and risk reduction (Fettke & Loos, 2007; hilt, 2007; kirchmer, 2010; küster, koehler, & Ryndina, 2006), reference models are still rarely used in practice.  \nThe aim of this paper is to present the use of reference models as a process comparison approach within fit gap analysis. The structure is as follows: based on a literature review, the first part introduces reference mode","cbCaisWprhxXkqzu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisWprhxXkqzu","pdf",2310140,20,"English","# Introduction\n# Reference models\n## Reference model characteristics\n# Fit gap analysis processes (BPMN)","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of fit gap analysis in ERP projects?\",\"answer\":\"Fit gap analysis compares an ERP system’s capabilities with a company’s business needs, then identifies and analyzes fits and gaps to support successful selection and implementation.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do ERP vendors introduce business process reference models?\",\"answer\":\"Reference models improve the understandability and efficiency of ERP implementation by formalizing generally accepted practices and the underlying structure of ERP processes.\"},{\"question\":\"What contributions does the paper make to fit gap analysis?\",\"answer\":\"It presents a fit gap analysis using BPMN with a standard business process modeling notation, and it demonstrates a process-based comparison between a supply chain process and an ERP process reference model.\"}]","FIT GAP ANALySIS - ThE ROLE OF BUSINESS PROCESS REFERENCE MODELS | PDF",1789203301,7]