[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-301536-105":53,"doc-detail-301536-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","firming-up-inequality-online-appendix","FIRMING UP INEQUALITY - Online Appendix","","Online appendix presenting additional figures and technical materials supporting research on earnings inequality. The contents cover data procedures for SSA and CPS, further analysis of inequality within and between firms, including top-earning dynamics and robustness checks. It also details the Abowd, Kramarz and Margolis decomposition with assumptions, model fit, and sorting patterns by firm earnings, size, and industry. Additional sections provide non-parametric counterfactual decomposition methodology and supporting cumulative distribution and variance plots using specific data and inflation adjustments.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/firming-up-inequality-online-appendix/301536/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/firming-up-inequality-online-appendix/301536.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Oliver Hayes","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23","2026-09-19",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":76},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What additional materials are provided in the online appendix?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"It includes additional figures and supporting sections on data procedures, further earnings-inequality analyses, decomposition methods, and technical details for counterfactual decomposition.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Which data sources are used for the appendix’s empirical comparisons?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"It compares Social Security Administration (SSA) totals with other records and uses Current Population Survey (CPS) data, alongside related national income and census-based series.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What do the Abowd, Kramarz and Margolis decomposition sections explain?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"They present the identifying assumption, report model fit, and describe patterns of sorting by firm earnings, firm size, and industry.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},301536,1790141968,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":76,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":35},687207020761,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","FIRMING UP INEQUALITY Online Appendix  \nJae Song  \nDavid J. Price  \nFatih Guvenen  \nNicholas Bloom  \nTill von Wachter  \nContents  \nA Additional Figures 2  \nB Data Procedures 12  \nB.1 Social Security Administration Data .................... 12  \nB.2 Current Population Survey Data ....................... 14  \nC Further Analysis on Earnings Inequality within and between Firms 14  \nC.1 Coworkers of Individuals across the Entire Distribution .......... 14  \nC.2 Inequality at the Top of the Earnings Distribution ............. 16  \nC.2.i The Top 1% of Earners, Relative to their Firms .......... 16  \nC.2.ii Top Earnings Share .......................... 16  \nC.3 Further Robustness of Results on Earnings Inequality within and between Firms ..................................... 21  \nC.4 Further Exploration of Trends in within- and between-Firm Inequality: Outsourcing .................................. 22  \nD The Abowd, Kramarz and Margolis decomposition 23  \nD.1 Identifying Assumption ............................ 23  \nD.2 Model Fit ................................... 24  \nD.3 Patterns of Sorting By Firm Earnings, Firm Size, and Industry ..... 41  \nE Non-Parametric Counterfactual Decomposition: Technical Details 45  \nA Additional Figures  \nFigure A.1 { Comparing the SSA totals to other records  \n(a) Total earnings  \n\n| Total Income (Tri l l ions of 2013 Dollars)\u003Cbr>3 4 5 6 7 | \u003Cbr>Year |\n| --- | --- |\n\n(b) Total employment  \n\n| 160\u003Cbr>Total Employment (Millions)\u003Cbr>120 140\u003Cbr>100 | |\n| --- | --- |\n\n(c) Total 􀀌rms  \n\n| 6.5\u003Cbr>Number of F irms (Millions)\u003Cbr>5 5.5 6\u003Cbr>4.5 | \u003Cbr>1980 1990 2000 2010\u003Cbr>Year |\n| --- | --- |\n\nNotes: SSA data includes all entries in the MEF. National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) data is from the St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank's FRED service, series A576RC1, \\Compensation of Employees, Received: Wage and Salary Disbursements.\" Current Population Survey (CPS) total employment shows the yearly average of the monthly employment numbers in the CPS. This data is from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Table LNS12000000 . Census 􀀌rms shows the total number of 􀀌rms reported by the Census Bureau's Statistics of U.S. Businesses data set, available at [http://www.census.gov/econ/susb/historical](http://www.census.gov/econ/susb/historical data.html. All data are adjusted for in)[ ](http://www.census.gov/econ/susb/historical data.html. All data are adjusted for in)[data.html](http://www.census.gov/econ/susb/historical data.html. All data are adjusted for in)[. All data are adjusted for in](http://www.census.gov/econ/susb/historical data.html. All data are adjusted for in)􀀍ation using the PCE price index.  \nFigure A.2 { Comparing earnings variance in SSA and CPS data  \n(a) Levels  \n\n| .9\u003Cbr>Variance of Log(Earnings)\u003Cbr>.6 .7 .8\u003Cbr>.5 | |\n| --- | --- |\n\n(b) Change since 1981  \n\n| Change in Variance of Log(Earnings)−.05 0 .05 .1 . 15 .2 | |\n| --- | --- |\n\nNotes: Only employed individuals aged 20 to 60 are included in all statistics, where \\employed\" is de􀀌ned as earning the equivalent of minimum wage for 40 hours per week in 13 weeks. Individuals and 􀀌rms in public administration or educational services are not included. Only 􀀌rms and individuals in 􀀌rms with at least 20 employees are included in SSA data.  \nFigure A.3 { Cumulative distribution of annual earnings in CPS data  \n3 10 30 100 300  \n0 20 40 60 80 100 Percentile of Indv Total Earnings  \nNotes: For each percentile, statistics are based on the minimum earnings among individuals in that percentile of earnings in each year. All values are adjusted for in􀀍ation to 2013 dollars using the PCE price index. Only employed individuals aged 20 to 60 are included in all statistics, where \\employed\" is de􀀌ned as earning the equivalent of minimum wage for 40 hours per week in 13 weeks. Individuals and 􀀌rms in public administration or educational services are not included.  \nFigure A.4 { Variance of log(wages) across establishments and 􀀌rms- 􀀌rms with 20+ workers  \nNotes: Plots th","cbCairUh9MFnt4M4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairUh9MFnt4M4","pdf",1274531,49,"English","# Contents\n## A Additional Figures\n## B Data Procedures\n## C Further Analysis on Earnings Inequality within and between Firms\n## D The Abowd, Kramarz and Margolis decomposition\n## E Non-Parametric Counterfactual Decomposition: Technical Details","[{\"question\":\"What additional materials are provided in the online appendix?\",\"answer\":\"It includes additional figures and supporting sections on data procedures, further earnings-inequality analyses, decomposition methods, and technical details for counterfactual decomposition.\"},{\"question\":\"Which data sources are used for the appendix’s empirical comparisons?\",\"answer\":\"It compares Social Security Administration (SSA) totals with other records and uses Current Population Survey (CPS) data, alongside related national income and census-based series.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the Abowd, Kramarz and Margolis decomposition sections explain?\",\"answer\":\"They present the identifying assumption, report model fit, and describe patterns of sorting by firm earnings, firm size, and industry.\"}]","FIRMING UP INEQUALITY - Online Appendix | PDF",1789783374]