[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-564354-105":53,"doc-detail-564354-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","female-reproductive-cycle-menstrual-cycle","Female Reproductive Cycle - Menstrual Cycle","","Female reproductive cycle lecture notes explain the coordinated ovarian (follicular, ovulation, luteal) and uterine/endometrial (menstrual, proliferative, secretory) phases in a typical cycle without fertilization. Learning objectives focus on phase description, ovarian–uterine correlation, hormonal regulation through the HPO axis (GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone), and clinical outcomes with and without pregnancy. Clinical correlations include mittelschmerz, basal temperature changes, luteal phase defect, anovulation, and effects of hormonal contraception, alongside the fertility-maintenance role of hCG when fertilization occurs.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/female-reproductive-cycle-menstrual-cycle/564354/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/female-reproductive-cycle-menstrual-cycle/564354.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Theodore","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":76},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle and their day ranges?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The ovarian cycle includes the follicular phase (Day 1–14), ovulation (around Day 14), and the luteal phase (Day 14–28). These stages are linked to follicle development, oocyte release, and corpus luteum function.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How do the uterine (endometrial) phases correspond to the ovarian phases?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"The menstrual phase (Day 1–5) aligns with progesterone withdrawal, the proliferative phase (Day 6–14) corresponds to the ovarian follicular phase and estrogen influence, and the secretory phase (Day 15–28) corresponds to the ovarian luteal phase and progesterone influence.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What hormonal changes occur during ovulation and how is ovulation triggered?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Sustained high estrogen causes positive feedback leading to an LH surge, which triggers ovulation and rupture of the Graafian follicle. A small FSH surge can also accompany the LH surge.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},564354,1792338134,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":76,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":141},7971461740886,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Female Reproductive  \n(Menstrual) Cycle  \nDr. Heba Kalbouneh  \nDDS, MSc, DMD/PhD  \nProfessor of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology  \nPrepared and adapted for teaching by Prof. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Illustrations adapted from multiple educational resources for educational purposes. These slides are intended for students enrolled in this course and should not be  \ndistributed without permission.  \nThe ovarian cycle  \nThe uterine (endometrial) cycle  \nLearning Objectives  \nBy the end of this lecture, students should be able to:  \n1. Describe the phases ofthe ovarian and uterine cycles.  \n2. Correlate ovarian changes with uterine (endometrial) changes.  \n3. Explain hormonal regulation of the cycle (FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone) .  \n4. Explain what happens with and without pregnancy.  \n5. Apply the knowledge clinically (luteal phase defect, anovulation, hormonal contraception) .  \nFemale Reproductive Cycle= Female Menstrual Cycle  \nMenstrual means Monthly  \nOvarian cycle Uterine cycle  \n1. Follicular Phase (Day 1–14) 1. Menstrual Phase (Day 1–5)  \n2. Ovulation (≈ Day 14) 2. Proliferative Phase (Day 6–14)  \n3. Luteal Phase (Day 14–28) 3. Secretory Phase (Day 15–28)  \nNormal cycle length: 21–35 days Polymenorrhea: \u003C 21 days  \nOligomenorrhea: > 35 days  \nOverview of the Female Reproductive Cycle  \n• Average cycle length: 28 days (normal range 21–35 days)  \n• Day 1 = first day of menstruation  \n• Controlled by the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Ovarian (HPO) axis  \nHormonal Axis  \nHypothalamus → GnRH  \nAnterior pituitary → FSH & LH Ovary → Estrogen & Progesterone  \nLH  \nThe Ovarian Cycle  \nDivided into three phases:  \nA. Follicular Phase (Day 1–14)  \n✓ Begins with menstruation  \n✓ FSH stimulates follicular growth  \nWhat happens in ovary?  \n• Primordial follicles → Primary → Secondary → Graafian follicle  \n• LH stimulates theca cells → androgens  \n• FSH stimulates granulosa cells → convert androgens to estrogen  \nHormone pattern:  \n• Estrogen gradually increases  \n• Progesterone remains low  \nLH → Theca cells → Androgens FSH → Granulosa cells → Estrogen  \nSecondary follicle  \nPrimary follicle (multilamellar)  \nPrimary follicle (unilamellar)  \nTertiary follicle  \nPrimordial follicle  \nB. Ovulation (Around Day 14)  Sustained high estrogen → Positive feedback → LH surge  Triggered by:  \n→ LH surge Note: Low to moderate levels of  \nestrogen exert negative feedback on  \nResult:  \nFSHand LH secretion, whereas  \n• Graafian follicle ruptures sustained high levels of estrogen exert  \n• Secondary oocyte released (metaphase II arrest) positive feedback, leading to increased LH (and to a lesser extent  \nFSH) secretion.  \nClinical correlation:  \n• Mittelschmerz (mid-cycle pain)  \n• Basal body temperature rises AFTER ovulation  \nLuteal Phase (Day 14–28)  \nAfter ovulation:  \n• Follicle transforms into Corpus luteum  \n• Under LH stimulation  \n• Corpus luteum produces:  \no Progesterone (main hormone)  \no Estrogen  \nFunction:  \n• Prepare endometrium for implantation  \nIf no pregnancy:  \n• Corpus luteum lives ~ 10-14 days  \n• Corpus luteum regresses → Corpus albicans  \n• Progesterone falls  \n• Menstruation begins  \nCorpus Corpus  \nluteum albicans  \nThe Uterine (Endometrial) Cycle  \nDivided into three phases:  \nA. Menstrual Phase (Day 1–5)  \n• Drop in progesterone  \n• Spiral artery constriction  \n• Functional layer sheds  \n• Bleeding lasts 3–5 days  \nB. Proliferative Phase (Day 6–14) Under estrogen influence  \n• Endometrium thickens  \n• Glands are straight  \n• Stroma proliferates  \n• Spiral arteries elongate  \nThis corresponds to: Ovarian follicular phase  \nC. Secretory Phase (Day 15–28) Under progesterone influence  \n• Endometrium becomes edematous  \n• Glands become coiled  \n• Glycogen secretion increases  \n• Ideal for implantation  \nThis corresponds to: Ovarian luteal phase  \nMenses  \n5  \n1 Pre-ovulatory 14  \nOvulation  \nFollicular/ Proliferative/ Estrogenic  \nPost-ovulatory 28  \nFSH → Follicle growth → Estrogen ↑  \nEstrogen peak → LH surge → Ovulation  \nLH → Co","cbCaitVhzmTyIoQe","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitVhzmTyIoQe","pdf",4449844,24,"English","# Ovarian and uterine cycles\n## Phases and days (follicular, ovulation, luteal; menstrual, proliferative, secretory)\n## HPO hormonal axis (GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone)\n## Clinical correlations and pregnancy effects","[{\"question\":\"What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle and their day ranges?\",\"answer\":\"The ovarian cycle includes the follicular phase (Day 1–14), ovulation (around Day 14), and the luteal phase (Day 14–28). These stages are linked to follicle development, oocyte release, and corpus luteum function.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the uterine (endometrial) phases correspond to the ovarian phases?\",\"answer\":\"The menstrual phase (Day 1–5) aligns with progesterone withdrawal, the proliferative phase (Day 6–14) corresponds to the ovarian follicular phase and estrogen influence, and the secretory phase (Day 15–28) corresponds to the ovarian luteal phase and progesterone influence.\"},{\"question\":\"What hormonal changes occur during ovulation and how is ovulation triggered?\",\"answer\":\"Sustained high estrogen causes positive feedback leading to an LH surge, which triggers ovulation and rupture of the Graafian follicle. A small FSH surge can also accompany the LH surge.\"}]","Female Reproductive Cycle - Menstrual Cycle | PDF",1791841757,8]