[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-571612-105":53,"doc-detail-571612-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","exposure-triangle-three-variables-that-determine-exposure-aperture-shutter-speed-and-filmsensor-sensitivity","EXPOSURE TRIANGLE - Three Variables that Determine Exposure - Aperture, Shutter Speed, and Film/Sensor Sensitivity","","EXPOSURE TRIANGLE by George Themelis (April 2023) explains how shutter speed, lens aperture, and film/sensor sensitivity (ISO) jointly determine exposure. It details how each setting changes light levels and affects secondary outcomes such as motion blur, depth of field, sharpness, and noise. The material includes practical guidance for modern cameras, including B/T shutter modes, safe handholding speed, hyperfocal distance for focus planning, and how effective focal length can change perceived blur after cropping and enlarging.",{"@graph":63,"@context":122},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/exposure-triangle-three-variables-that-determine-exposure-aperture-shutter-speed-and-filmsensor-sensitivity/571612/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exposure-triangle-three-variables-that-determine-exposure-aperture-shutter-speed-and-filmsensor-sensitivity/571612.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Mary Man","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114,118],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What are the three variables in the exposure triangle and what does each affect?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The exposure triangle consists of shutter speed, lens aperture, and film/sensor sensitivity (ISO). Shutter speed changes light amount and motion blur, aperture changes light amount and depth of field, and ISO changes exposure and noise/grain.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How do aperture and depth of field relate?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Depth of field depends on focus distance, focal length, and aperture. A larger (wider) aperture corresponds to a smaller f-stop number, letting in more light while producing less depth of field.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is hyperfocal distance and how is it used for focusing?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Hyperfocal distance is the nearest focus distance for which infinity is in focus; everything from half the hyperfocal distance to infinity remains acceptably sharp. It is described as especially useful for manual focus and hyperfocal focusing in 3D photography.",{"name":119,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How can safe handholding speed and image stabilization influence shutter choice?",{"text":121,"@type":109},"A rule of thumb for safe minimum handholding speed is 1/FL (e.g., 50mm → about 1/50 to 1/60s). Image stabilization is described as adding additional stops, allowing the shutter speed to be reduced accordingly while remaining steady.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":124,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":56},571612,1792338144,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":47,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":144,"read_time":20},7421720224475,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","EXPOSURE TRIANGLE  \nBy George Themelis  \nApril 2023  \nThree Variables that Determine Exposure  \n2. Shutter Speed  \nTopics to be discussed:  \n• What is each setting and how does it affect exposure?  \n• What else is affected and how? (DOF, sharpness, noise)  \n• How are these set in a modern camera?  \n• Which setting is more important (if any) and why?  \nWhat is the best mode to use? (Is there a reason to use anything else other than Automatic Mode?)  \nLens Aperture  \n• Related to size of the lens opening  \n• Measured by the f-stop (focal length / lens opening)  \n• Ratio values: 1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22  \n• Scale is not linear, but goes by the √2 (1 .41)  \n• Affects amount of light and depth of field (DOF)  \n• Large (wide) aperture → small f-stop number = more light, less Depth of Field (DOF)  \n• Aperture ring is missing from many modern lenses  \n• Maximum aperture is an important characteristic of a lens  \n Aperture Ring for Stereo Realist f2 .8  \nMore modern 35mm f1 .4 lens  \nDepth of Field (DOF)  \n•  Depth of Field (DOF): is the distance range (near to far) that objects appear to be \"acceptably sharp\"  \n•  DOF depends on:  \n1) Focus distance  \n2) Focal length  \n3) Aperture  \nMany lenses have DOF marking that show the DOF for a given aperture  \n[https://expertphotography.com/understanding-depth-of-field-photography/](https://expertphotography.com/understanding-depth-of-field-photography/)  \nHyperfocal Distance  \n1.5 m  \n[https://bccamera.com/blog/what-you-need-to-know-about-hyperfocal-distance/](https://bccamera.com/blog/what-you-need-to-know-about-hyperfocal-distance/)  \n3  \nm  \n3 m for f8 (everything from 1.5m to inf is in focus)  \nHyperfocal distance:  \nThe nearest focus distance for which infinity is in focus  \n(Everything from 1/2 x hyperfocal distance to infinity is in focus)  \n3D Photography favors manual focus & hyperfocal focusing  \nBoth lenses are focused at the hyperfocal distance for f8 .  \nShutter Speed  \n• Measurement of how fast the shutter moves  \n• Expressed as exposure time, which is measured in seconds (usually a fraction, often omitted:  \n1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, etc.)  \n• Affects the amount of light and motion blur  \n• Two types of motion: 1) Subject, 2) Camera  \n• Longer exposure times (slow speeds) = more light + more motion blur  \nStereo Realist & Modern camera shutter dials. Many cameras today do not have a dial  \nB (Bulb): Shutter remains open as long as the shutter button is pressed  \nT (Time): Pressing the shutter button opens the shutter, pressing it again, closes the shutter  \nMinimum Handholding Speed  \nRule of Thumb: Safe (min) Handholding speed = 1/FL  \nExamples: 50mm lens, Min HHS = 1/50 or 1/60s, 500mm → 1/500s  \nImage stabilization has changed this  \nIS is measured in additional stops of exposure. For example if the 50mm lens has 3 stops image stabilization, then it is safe to use: 1/60 → 1/30 → 1/15 → 1/8  \nFuji W3  \nPanasonic 3D1  \nMost modern digital Cameras My Sony RX1  \nBe mindful of Effective FL  \nIf you crop & enlarge an image, you can see the blur more, as if you were using a longer FL lens (Effective FL) .  \nPS. My Sony RX1 has a 35mm focal length lens, but I routinely use 1/125 shutter speed when I use this camera, just for this reason.  \nFilm/Sensor Sensitivity  \n• Measurement of the sensor’s sensitivity to light  \n• Measured on a linear scale (ISO)  \n• Affects the exposure + noise/grain  \n• Low sensitivity = less exposure + low noise  \n• High sensitivity = more exposure + more noise  \n• For nice clean pictures you want low ISO (100)","cbCaihlx89njVBkL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihlx89njVBkL","pdf",12984637,39,"English","# Three Variables that Determine Exposure\n## Shutter Speed\n## Lens Aperture\n## Depth of Field (DOF)\n## Hyperfocal Distance\n## Film/Sensor Sensitivity","[{\"question\":\"What are the three variables in the exposure triangle and what does each affect?\",\"answer\":\"The exposure triangle consists of shutter speed, lens aperture, and film/sensor sensitivity (ISO). Shutter speed changes light amount and motion blur, aperture changes light amount and depth of field, and ISO changes exposure and noise/grain.\"},{\"question\":\"How do aperture and depth of field relate?\",\"answer\":\"Depth of field depends on focus distance, focal length, and aperture. A larger (wider) aperture corresponds to a smaller f-stop number, letting in more light while producing less depth of field.\"},{\"question\":\"What is hyperfocal distance and how is it used for focusing?\",\"answer\":\"Hyperfocal distance is the nearest focus distance for which infinity is in focus; everything from half the hyperfocal distance to infinity remains acceptably sharp. It is described as especially useful for manual focus and hyperfocal focusing in 3D photography.\"},{\"question\":\"How can safe handholding speed and image stabilization influence shutter choice?\",\"answer\":\"A rule of thumb for safe minimum handholding speed is 1/FL (e.g., 50mm → about 1/50 to 1/60s). Image stabilization is described as adding additional stops, allowing the shutter speed to be reduced accordingly while remaining steady.\"}]","EXPOSURE TRIANGLE - Three Variables that Determine Exposure - Aperture, Shutter Speed, and Film/Sensor Sensitivity | PDF",1791922688]