[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-236939-105":53,"doc-detail-236939-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","exploring-the-potential-of-user-modeling-based-on-mind-maps-preprint","Exploring the Potential of User Modeling based on Mind Maps - Preprint","","Mind maps contain structured information that can support user modeling and recommender systems, yet they have received limited attention in that research community. This paper evaluates standard user-modeling methods when applied to mind maps and proposes novel approaches tailored to mind map characteristics. The methods are implemented and tested with the Docear mind mapping and reference management software using 4,700 user mind maps and 430,893 recommendations from 2013–2014.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/exploring-the-potential-of-user-modeling-based-on-mind-maps-preprint/236939/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exploring-the-potential-of-user-modeling-based-on-mind-maps-preprint/236939.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Seraphina","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-11",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What is the focus of this paper regarding mind maps?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The paper examines how mind maps can be used for user modeling and recommender systems, including the effectiveness of both standard and mind map-specific approaches.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How are the proposed approaches evaluated?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"The approaches are applied using the Docear software and evaluated through recommendation performance and a user study based on mind maps collected over a defined period.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What impact do mind map-specific user modeling adjustments have?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Adjusting user modeling to mind map characteristics improves click-through rates, and a user study reports higher average ratings for the mind map-specific approach compared with a baseline.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},236939,1791722297,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":20,"language":135,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":136,"faqs":137,"seo_title":138,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":139,"read_time":47},962075114101,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165","| Bibliographic Details | BibTeX, EndNote… | Related Work | Authors’ Details |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nExploring the Potential of User Modeling based on Mind Maps  \nJoeran Beel 1, Stefan Langer 1, Georgia Kapitsaki2, Corinna Breitinger 1, Bela Gipp3  \n1 Docear, Magdeburg, Germany  \n{[beel | langer | breitinger}@docear.org](beel | langer | breitinger}@docear.org)  \n2 University of Cyprus, Department of Computer Science, Nicosia, Cyprus [gkapi@cs.ucy.ac.cy](gkapi@cs.ucy.ac.cy)  \n3 University of Konstanz, Department of Computer and Information Science, Konstanz, Germany  \n[bela.gipp@uni-konstanz.de](bela.gipp@uni-konstanz.de)  \nAbstract. Mind maps have not received much attention in the user modeling and recommender system community, although mind maps contain rich information that could be valuable for user-modeling and recommender systems. In this paper, we explored the effectiveness of standard user-modeling approaches applied to mind maps. Additionally, we develop novel user modeling approaches that consider the unique characteristics of mind maps. The approaches are applied and evaluated using our mind mapping and referencemanagement software Docear. Docear displayed 430,893 research paper recommendations, based on 4,700 user mind maps, from March 2013 to August 2014. The evaluation shows that standard user modeling approaches are reasonably effective when applied to mind maps, with click-through rates (CTR) between 1.16% and 3.92% . However, when adjusting user modeling to the unique characteristics of mind maps, a higher CTR of 7.20% could be achieved. A user study confirmed the high effectiveness of the mind map specific approach with an average rating of 3.23 (out of 5), compared to a rating of 2.53 for the best baseline. Our research shows that mind map-specific user modeling has a high potential, and we hope that our results initiate a discussion that encourages researchers todo research in this field and developers to integrate recommender systems to their mind mapping tools.  \nKeywords: mind map, user modeling, recommender systems  \n1 Introduction  \nMind mapping is a visual technique to record and organize information, and to develop new ideas. As such, mind-maps are used for tasks like brainstorming, knowledge management, note taking, presenting, project planning, decision-making, and career planning. Originally, mind mapping was performed using pen and paper, but since the 1980s, more than one hundred software tools for aiding users in creating mind maps have evolved. These tools are used by an estimated two million users who create around five millions mind-maps every year [1] . Mindmaps received attention in various research fields. They have been used to implement a lambda calculator [2], to filter search results from Google [3], to present software requirements [4], to research how knowledgeable business school students are, and there are numerous studies about the effectiveness of mind-maps as a learning tool [5] . In the field of document engineering and text mining, mind maps were created automatically from texts [6], and have been utilized to model XML files [7] .  \nIn the field of user-modeling and recommender-systems research, mind maps have thus far received no attention. However, mind-maps typically contain structured information that reflects the interests, knowledge, and information needs of their users. In this regard, the content of mind-maps is comparable to the content of emails, web pages, and research articles [1] . Hence, we believe that mind maps should be equally well suited for user modeling as are other documents, such as emails [8], web-pages [9], and research articles [10] .  \nWe assume that the reader is familiar with the idea behind mind mapping, and provide only a brief example of a mind-map, which we created using the mind-mapping and referencemanagement software Docear (Figure 1) . For more information about mind maps, please refer to [11] . The mind map in Figure 1 was created to","cbCaiq0dEIM2s6Vg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq0dEIM2s6Vg","pdf",1084627,"English","# 1 Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the focus of this paper regarding mind maps?\",\"answer\":\"The paper examines how mind maps can be used for user modeling and recommender systems, including the effectiveness of both standard and mind map-specific approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the proposed approaches evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"The approaches are applied using the Docear software and evaluated through recommendation performance and a user study based on mind maps collected over a defined period.\"},{\"question\":\"What impact do mind map-specific user modeling adjustments have?\",\"answer\":\"Adjusting user modeling to mind map characteristics improves click-through rates, and a user study reports higher average ratings for the mind map-specific approach compared with a baseline.\"}]","Exploring the Potential of User Modeling based on Mind Maps - Preprint | PDF",1789108581]