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The preface explains that recommendations were built using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and rely on literature that excludes certain conditions, such as neurological deficits or leg pain below the knee. It clarifies the guideline is not a fixed treatment protocol, acknowledges patient variability, and emphasizes clinician and patient judgment based on individual circumstances, needs, and available local resources.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/evidence-based-clinical-guidelines-for-multidisciplinary-spine-care-diagnosis-treatment-of-low-back-pain-preface/563769/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evidence-based-clinical-guidelines-for-multidisciplinary-spine-care-diagnosis-treatment-of-low-back-pain-preface/563769.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Ophelia","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"How were the guideline recommendations developed?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"They were developed based on a specific definition, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the resulting literature.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"Do the recommendations cover all low back pain cases?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"No. The exclusion criteria mean the recommendations address a subset of low back pain care rather than low back pain in its entirety.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Is the guideline intended to be a fixed treatment protocol?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"No. It is not intended to be fixed; patients may require more or less treatment than what is outlined, with ultimate judgment made by the physician and patient.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},563769,1792092904,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":136,"language":137,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":138,"faqs":139,"seo_title":140,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":141,"read_time":142},7971461741311,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000253aff267980c6?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345379180704826","Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for Multidisciplinary Spine Care:  \nDiagnosis & Treatment of Low Back Pain  \n7075 Veterans Blvd Burr Ridge, IL 60527 630-230-3600 [www.spine.org](www.spine.org)  \n© 2020 North American Spine Society  \n978-1-929988-65-5  \nDiagnosis & Treatment of Low Back Pain | Preface  \nAuthors & Contributors  \nEvidence-Based Guideline Development Committee Co-Chairs  \nD. Scott Kreiner, MD Paul Matz, MD  \nDiagnosis Section  \nSection Chair:  \nDaniel K. Resnick, MD, MS  \nAuthors:  \nNorman B. Chutkan, MD, FACS Adam C. Lipson, MD Anthony J. Lisi, DC  \nTom E. Reinsel, MD  \nRobert L. Rich Jr, MD, FAAFP; Stakeholder Representative, American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)  \nContributor:  \nRobert C. Nucci, MD  \nImaging Section  \nSection Co-Chairs:  \nCharles H. Cho, MD, MBA Gary Ghiselli, MD  \nAuthors:  \nSean D. Christie, MD Bernard A. Cohen, PhD  \nS. Raymond Golish, MD, PhD, MBA Murat Pekmezci, MD  \nWalter S. Bartynski, MD; Stakeholder Representative, American Society of Spine Radiology (ASSR)  \nMedical & Psychological Treatment Section  \nSection Chair:  \nChristopher M. Bono, MD  \nAuthors:  \nPaul Dougherty, DC  \nGazanfar Rahmathulla, MD, MBBS Christopher K. Taleghani, MD Terry Trammell, MD  \nRandall P. Brewer, MD; Stakeholder Representative, American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM)  \nRavi Prasad, PhD; Stakeholder Representative, American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM)  \nContributor:  \nJohn P. Birkedal, MD  \nPhysical Medicine & Rehabilitation Section  \nSection Chair:  \nCharles A. Reitman, MD  \nAuthors:  \nR. Carter Cassidy, MD Dennis E. Enix, DC, MBA Daniel S. Robbins, MD Alison A. Stout, DO  \nRyan A. Tauzell, PT, MA, MDT  \nContributor:  \nWilliam L. Tontz, Jr. , MD  \nInterventional Treatment Section  \nSection Chair:  \nJohn E. Easa, MD, FIPP  \nAuthors:  \nJamie Baisden, MD, FACSShay Bess, MD  \nDavid S. Cheng, MD  \nDavid A. Provenzano, MD; Stakeholder Representative, American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA)  \nYakov Vorobeychik, MD, PhD; Stakeholder Representative, Spine Intervention Society (SIS)  \nContributors:  \nMichael P. Dohm, MD Thomas J. Gilbert, MD Joseph Gjolaj, MD  \nMatthew Smuck, MD, Stakeholder Representative, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R)  \n2  \nRecommendations were developed based on a specific definition, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the resulting literature which excluded conditions such as presence of a neurological deficit or leg pain experienced below the knee, among others. Given the exclusion criteria, these guideline recommendations address a subset of low back pain care as opposed to low back pain in its entirety. This clinical guideline is not intended to be a fixed treatment protocol; it is anticipated that there will be patients who require more or less treatment than what is outlined. This clinical guideline should not be construed as including all proper methods of care or excluding other acceptable methods of care reasonably directed to obtaining the same results. The ultimate judgment regarding any specific procedure or treatment is to be made by the physician and patient in light of all circumstances presented by the patient and the needs and resources particular to the locality or institution.  \nDiagnosis & Treatment of Low Back Pain | Preface  \nSurgical Treatment Section  \nSection Chair:  \nWilliam C. Watters III, MD, MS  \nAuthors:  \nThiruM. Annaswamy, MD Steven W. Hwang, MD Cumhur Kilincer, MD, PhD RJ Meagher, MD  \nAnil K. Sharma, MD  \nKris E. Radcliff, MD; Stakeholder Representative, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)  \nContributor:  \nJordan Gliedt, DC  \nCost-Utility Section  \nSection Chair:  \nZoher Ghogawala, MD, FACS  \nAuthors:  \nSimon Dagenais, PhD, MSc, DC Jeffrey A. King, DC, MS  \nPaul Park, MD  \nDaniel R. Perry, MPT, MDT Jonathan N. Sembrano, MD  \nJohn E. O’Toole, MD, MS; Stakeholder Representative, American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)  \nPadma Gulur, MD; Stakeholder Representative, Amer","cbCaiaWZ3ZAGs18t","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaWZ3ZAGs18t","pdf",3834636,217,"English","# Preface\n## Authors & Contributors\n## Diagnosis Section\n## Imaging Section\n## Medical & Psychological Treatment Section\n## Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Section\n## Interventional Treatment Section\n## Surgical Treatment Section\n## Cost-Utility Section\n## Participating and Contributing Societies\n## Financial Statement/Disclosures","[{\"question\":\"How were the guideline recommendations developed?\",\"answer\":\"They were developed based on a specific definition, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the resulting literature.\"},{\"question\":\"Do the recommendations cover all low back pain cases?\",\"answer\":\"No. The exclusion criteria mean the recommendations address a subset of low back pain care rather than low back pain in its entirety.\"},{\"question\":\"Is the guideline intended to be a fixed treatment protocol?\",\"answer\":\"No. It is not intended to be fixed; patients may require more or less treatment than what is outlined, with ultimate judgment made by the physician and patient.\"}]","Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for Multidisciplinary Spine Care - Diagnosis & Treatment of Low Back Pain - Preface | PDF",1791838219,76]