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Includes measurement fundamentals and unit categories.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/","Template",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/","Presentations",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/estimating-and-costing-civil-engineering-lecture-notes/240610/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/estimating-and-costing-civil-engineering-lecture-notes/240610.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-11",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",19,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is estimating and costing in civil engineering?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Estimating is the technique of calculating quantities and expected expenditure for a particular work or project. Costing relates to preparing and using those estimates for financial planning.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why is estimation and costing necessary?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Estimates help determine feasibility within available funds, estimate time for completion, support inviting tenders and arranging contracts, control expenditure during execution, and verify that the proposed plan matches available funding.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What information is required to prepare an estimate?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"An estimate requires drawings (plans, elevations, sections), specifications, and rates. Rates include unit rates for each item, material prices, transport costs, and wages for labour.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},240610,1791723139,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,93,98,103,108,113,118,123],{"id":85,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},11,90,"presentations",{"id":89,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":90,"show_sort_weight":91,"slug":92},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":94,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":99,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":104,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":109,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":114,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":119,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":124,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":126},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":128},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":129,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":22,"category_id":85,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":136,"language":137,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":138,"faqs":139,"seo_title":140,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":141,"read_time":142},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","| |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  | LECTURE NOTES\u003Cbr>ON\u003Cbr>Estimating and Costing\u003Cbr>IV B. Tech I semester (JNTUH-R13)\u003Cbr>CIVIL ENGINEERING |  |\n| |  |  |\n\nINDEX  \nS.No. Topic  \n01. Introduction to the subject  \n02. Measurement of Materials & Works  \n03. Types of Estimates  \n04. Detail & Abstract Estimates of Buildings  \n05. Analysis of Rates  \n06. Estimation of Quantities of Steel & RCC  \n07. Earth Work Calculations  \n08. Detailed Estimates  \n09. Appendix  \nPage No.  \n1 - 3 4 - 12 13 - 21 22 - 55  \n56 - 73  \n74 - 80  \n81 - 95 96 - 108  \n09 - 115  \n1 Estimation and Costing  \nChapter INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT  \n1  \nDEFINITION OF ESTIMATING AND COSTING  \nEstimating is the technique of calculating or Computing the various quantities and the expected Expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project.  \nIn case the funds avilable are less than the estimated cost the work is done in part or by reducing it or specifications are altered, the following require-ment are necessary for preparing an estimate.  \na ) Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.  \nb) Detailed specifications about workmenship & properties of materials etc.  \nc) Standard schedule of rates ofthe current year.  \nNEED FOR ESTIMATION AND COSTING  \n1. Estimate give an idea of the cost of the work and hence its feasibility can be determined i..e whether the project could betaken up with in the funds available or not.  \n2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of the work.  \n3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and toarange contract.  \n4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the execution of work.  \n5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the funds available or not.  \nPROCEDURE OF ESTIMATING OR METHOD OF ESTIMATING.  \nEstimating involves the following operations  \n1. Preparing detailed Estimate.  \n2. Calculating the rate of each unit of work  \n3. Preparing abstract of estimate  \nDATA REQUIRED TO PREPARE AN ESTIMATE  \n1. Drawings i.e.plans, elevations, sections etc.  \n2. Specifications.  \n3. Rates.  \nIntroduction to the Subject 2  \n1.4.1 DRAWINGS  \nIf the drawings are not clear and without complete dimensions the prepa-ration of estimation become very difficult. So, It is very essential before prepar-ing an estimate.  \nSPECIFICATIONS  \na) General Specifications: This gives the nature, quality, class and work and materials in general terms to be used in various parts of wok. It helps no form a general idea of building.  \nb) Detailed Specifications: These gives the detailed description of the vari-ous items of work laying down the Quantities and qualities of materials, their proportions, the method of preparation workmanship and execution of work.  \nRATES:  \nFor preparing the estimate the unit rates of each item of work are re-quired.  \n1. For arriving at the unit rates of each item.  \n2. The rates of various materials to be used in the construction.  \n3. The cost of transport materials.  \n4. The wages of labour, skilled or unskilled of masons, carpenters, Mazdoor, etc.,  \nCOMPLETE ESTIMATE:  \nMost of people think that the estimate of a structure includes cost of land, cost of materials and labour, But many other direct and indirect costs included and is shown below. The Complete Estimate  \nCost of land P.s.and Legal expenses Cost of Structure  \nActual cost of land  \nCost of Surveying  \ncontingencies between owner  \nat 5% and contractor  \nCost of Brochorage Cost of  \nVerification if any labour  \nof deeds and execution of  \nPermit fees for constrution water, electricity from concerned autorities  \ndeeds    \ncost of Consulting  \nmaterials Engineers fees  \ncost for Cost of  \npreparation supervision  \nof plan, estimate and design  \n3 Estimation and Costing LUMPSUM:  \nWhile preparing an estimate, it is not possible to workout in detail in case of petty items. Items other than civil engineering such items are called lumpsum items or simply L.S.Items.  \nThe following a","cbCailYLcuSog27G","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailYLcuSog27G","pdf",13729994,118,"English","# Introduction to the subject\n## Definition of estimating and costing\n## Need for estimation and costing\n## Procedure of estimating or method of estimating\n## Data required to prepare an estimate\n## Drawings\n## Specifications\n## Rates\n## Complete estimate\n## Lump-sum\n## Work charged establishment\n# Measurement of materials and works\n## Units of measurements","[{\"question\":\"What is estimating and costing in civil engineering?\",\"answer\":\"Estimating is the technique of calculating quantities and expected expenditure for a particular work or project. Costing relates to preparing and using those estimates for financial planning.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is estimation and costing necessary?\",\"answer\":\"Estimates help determine feasibility within available funds, estimate time for completion, support inviting tenders and arranging contracts, control expenditure during execution, and verify that the proposed plan matches available funding.\"},{\"question\":\"What information is required to prepare an estimate?\",\"answer\":\"An estimate requires drawings (plans, elevations, sections), specifications, and rates. Rates include unit rates for each item, material prices, transport costs, and wages for labour.\"}]","Estimating and Costing - Civil Engineering Lecture Notes | PDF",1789163353,41]