[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-283070-105":53,"doc-detail-283070-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":120,"head_meta":122,"extra_data":124,"updated_unix":126},105,"en","enforceable-consumer-and-employment-arbitration-agreements-in-2017","Enforceable Consumer and Employment Arbitration Agreements in 2017","","Corporations use arbitration agreements to reduce litigation costs, but enforceability depends on whether consumers or employees provide meaningful assent to the contract terms. The material examines clickwrap and browsewrap mechanisms, highlighting requirements for actual or constructive notice and adequate disclosure. It outlines employer steps such as employee review and signed acknowledgments, recordkeeping, and employee opt-out practices. It also reviews California and federal standards, including Armendariz requirements, class action waiver enforceability, and FAA preemption 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Brown","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-09-16",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"What makes a consumer or employee arbitration agreement enforceable?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"The agreement is enforceable only if the consumer or employee agrees or assents to the contract terms, with meaningful assent and adequate notice/disclosure.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"How do clickwrap and browsewrap relate to assent?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"Clickwrap requires consumers to click to agree, while browsewrap seeks to bind users to posted terms without an affirmative manifestation of assent; enforceability depends on providing actual or constructive notice.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What are key requirements under Armendariz for mandatory employment arbitration agreements?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"The agreement must include a neutral arbitrator, more than minimal discovery, a written award, relief types available in court, and it must not require employees to pay unreasonable costs or arbitrator fees as a condition of access.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},283070,1791729326,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":136,"language":137,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":138,"faqs":139,"seo_title":140,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":141,"read_time":15},16904993612988,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","DRAFTING ENFORCEABLE CONSUMER ANDEMPLOYMENT ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS IN 2017January 17,2017  \nMichael L.Turrill and Robin J.SamuelHogan Lovells LLP  \nMadeline SchilderV.P.IAsst General CounselAEG Live  \n# Introduction\n\nCorporations increasingly employ arbitrationagreements in an effort to curtail litigation costs  \n■Goal is straight forward but drafting an arbitrationagreement is not  \n■Legality of agreements-particularly those thatwaive rights to pursue class or other collectiveaction -has been hotly litigated  \n■California courts particularly hostile to arbitrationagreements in consumer and employee contexts  \nAssuring meaningful assent toarbitration terms  \nArbitration agreements enforceable only ifconsumer or employee agrees or assents toContract terms  \n-In e-commerce context,consumer consent typically isprovided through “clickwrap”or \"browsewrap\"assent.Nguyen v.Barnes &Noble,763 F.3d 1171,1175-76(9thCir.2014).  \n◆ \"Clickwrap\"requires that consumers \"click\"to agree.  \n“Browsewrap”requires no affirmative manifestation of assent butseeks to bind website users to terms published on the site.  \nActual or constructive notice required  \n◆ A prominent notice that any use of site will bind user to the site'sterms of use is sufficient to provide constructive notice.  \n·Inconspicuous or \"uried\"terms are uenlikely to be bindingHCC17  \nAssuring meaningful assent toarbitration terms from employees  \n# ■Employers\n\nHave employees review and sign arbitration agreement.  \nMay establish consent through an employee signatureacknowledging receipt of arbitration policy(even ifpolicy is contained within employee handbook).SeeMcLaurin v.Russell Sigler,Inc.,155 F.Supp.3d 1042,1046(C.D.Cal.2016).  \n# Best practices to ensuremeaningful consent\n\n■Ensure arbitration agreement is clearly disclosedin contract and that consumers take affirmativeaction to agree to contract (i.e.clickwrap or signedacknowledgment).  \nEnsure consumers have an opportunity to cancelafter they are provided the contract terms.  \n■Maintain records sufficient to identify specificterms that consumers or employees agreed to.  \n■Provide opt out for employees.  \n# ■Armendariz v.Foundation Health Psyche\n\nServices,Inc.,24 Cal 4th 83,102(2000)held thatany mandatory employment arbitrationagreement must:-provide for a neutral arbitrator  \nprovide for more than minimal discovery  \nrequire a written award  \nprovide for all of the types of relief that wouldotherwise be available in court  \n-not require employees to pay either unreasonablecosts or any arbitrators'fees or expenses as acondition of access to the arbitration forum.  \nClass action waivers:generallyenforceable with some exceptions  \n■State laws and judicial rules that prohibit classaction waivers are preempted by the FederalArbitration Act(FAA).  \nIn 2005,CA Supreme Court ruled that mandatoryarbitration agreements that include a class actionwaiver are unconscionable in many consumercontracts of adhesion.Discover Bank v.SuperiorCourt,36 Cal.4th 148(2005).  \n-U.S.Supreme Court overruled Ninth Circuit'sapplication of this rule in AT&T Mobility LLCv.Concepcion,563 U.S.333(2011).  \n# Class action waivers:AT&TMobility LLCv.Concepcion\n\n□Concepcion facts:Plaintiffs sued AT&T for falseadvertising after being charged $30.22 in salestax for a phone that was advertised as \"free.\"  \n-Their complaint was consolidated with a putativeclass action and AT&T moved to compel arbitration.  \n-The Ninth Circuit relied on the Discover Bank rule inorder to deny a motion to compel arbitration.  \n-U.S.Supreme Court overturned holding that any statelaws,including judicial rules,or policies thatdiscriminate against arbitration contracts arepreempted by the Federal Arbitration Act(FAA).  \nClass action waivers:AT&TMobility LLC v.Concepcion  \n# □Court reasoned:\n\nSection 2 of the FAA permits that arbitration agreements maybe declared unenforceable \"upon such grounds as exist at lawor equity for the revocation of any contract.”  \nBut,such rules may not discriminate","cbCaijJtOzIKvQzR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijJtOzIKvQzR","pdf",410526,34,"English","# Introduction\n## Assuring meaningful assent to arbitration terms\n## Assuring meaningful assent to arbitration terms from employees\n# Employers\n# Best practices to ensure meaningful consent\n# Armendariz v. Foundation Health Services, Inc.\n## Class action waivers: generally enforceable with some exceptions\n# AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion","[{\"question\":\"What makes a consumer or employee arbitration agreement enforceable?\",\"answer\":\"The agreement is enforceable only if the consumer or employee agrees or assents to the contract terms, with meaningful assent and adequate notice/disclosure.\"},{\"question\":\"How do clickwrap and browsewrap relate to assent?\",\"answer\":\"Clickwrap requires consumers to click to agree, while browsewrap seeks to bind users to posted terms without an affirmative manifestation of assent; enforceability depends on providing actual or constructive notice.\"},{\"question\":\"What are key requirements under Armendariz for mandatory employment arbitration agreements?\",\"answer\":\"The agreement must include a neutral arbitrator, more than minimal discovery, a written award, relief types available in court, and it must not require employees to pay unreasonable costs or arbitrator fees as a condition of access.\"}]","Enforceable Consumer and Employment Arbitration Agreements in 2017 | PDF",1789588809]