[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-170524-105":53,"doc-detail-170524-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","eleven-kinds-of-loneliness-and-reading-for-type-abstract","Eleven Kinds of Loneliness and Reading for Type - Abstract","","Richard Yates’ short story collection Eleven Kinds of Loneliness (1962) links loneliness to the rise of “typing” in postwar US culture, reframing personality tests and social typologies as drivers of midcentury isolation. Building on cultural and sociological frameworks such as The Lonely Crowd, the discussion shows loneliness as a contested space between individuality and group belonging. It further traces how psychological ideas of type became embedded in narratives of self-discovery, friendship, and love, revealing the political and social stakes of writerly engagement with typology’s limits.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/eleven-kinds-of-loneliness-and-reading-for-type-abstract/170524/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/eleven-kinds-of-loneliness-and-reading-for-type-abstract/170524.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Emma Mercer","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-10-02","2026-09-01",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":79},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"How does the collection Eleven Kinds of Loneliness connect loneliness to typing?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"It argues that loneliness is central while also tying that loneliness to the increasing cultural role of typing, personality tests, and social typologies in midcentury America.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What role does The Lonely Crowd (1950) play in the discussion?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"It is used as a key framework for understanding how social typologies and cultural conditions shaped later interpretations of loneliness and conformity.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does MBTI matter in the argument?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"MBTI is presented as widely popular and institutionally influential, yet rooted in earlier aspirations toward self-knowledge, linking typology to narratives about the self and emotional life.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},170524,1788272595,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":79,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":8},962084925502,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Eleven Kinds? Loneliness and Reading for Type with Richard Yates\nAbstract\nRichard Yates’ collection of short stories, Eleven Kinds of Loneliness (1962) was written at time when loneliness was increasingly seen as a cultural crisis in the US, and loneliness is at the forefront of the collection. But Yates was equally concerned with the rise of typing in postwar culture, connecting the two in ways similar to the sociological study The Lonely Crowd. Yates’ apparently straightforward catalogue of “Eleven Kinds” reveals the influence that personality tests, corporate typing, and social typologies had on the rise in loneliness in midcentury America—a relationship so far critically unexplored. Arguing that, in not only Yates’ stories, but midcentury fiction more broadly, loneliness is a space of contest between individuality and group belonging, and is intimately connected to larger political and social narratives, the article reframes American loneliness in light of the cultural changes of the midcentury and writer’s struggles with the possibilities and limitations of type.\n“Perhaps at last she had found him, the one she kept looking for, the one who could tell her what she was really like.”\n—Mary McCarthy, The Company She Keeps, 1942.\nYou know the type. The diligent, industrious one, lost without a checklist. The insecure one, bordering on neurotic and in need of constant validation. The sensitive creative, who chafes against the arbitrary limitations of someone else’s brief. You might know them from your workplace. Your classroom. Your love life. Or you might recognise in them literary characters—for these should all sound familiar, not just as personality types, but as characters.\nTyping has long exercised wide imaginative power. Myths provided us with heroic archetypes; cultural norms led to distinctive social types more familiar from folk tales or romances. But early twentieth century advances in psychology—most notably Jung’s 1921 Psychological Types— offered up a structured and (ostensibly) scientific system for understanding type as a function of our personality. Jung’s delineation of our psychological type into four preferences (for thinking and feeling; for sensation and intuition) was quickly adopted both by analytical psychologists and, with some linguistic massaging, by corporations, in the form of personality tests. By the mid-twentieth century, typing had moved from the fringes of folk wisdom to the centre of institutional policies, and the most famous of the personality tests, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, continues to be taken by millions each year.\nYet in spite of its association with corporate control, the MBTI originally grew out of aspirations towards shared freedom through self-knowledge. Isabel Briggs-Myers, who developed the Type Indicator with her mother, dedicated the later manual for type, Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type (1980) “to all who desire to make full use of their gifts.” The MBTI’s long and fruitful life since its first version in 1944—to say nothing of the plethora of similar typing tests—is as much due to its popularity in self-help books and guides to romantic love. The ubiquity of type, from office-oriented corporate identities, to the MBTI’s characteristic four letter chains with their implications of canonical authority (INFP; ESTJ), to more recent permutations, like Gary Chapman’s Five Love Languages (1992), suggests that typing answers a deep-seated psychological need. Meg Sergeant, the protagonist of Mary McCarthy’s 1942 short story cycle-cum-novel The Company She Keeps, refracts this yearning through her search for romantic fulfilment, describing in striking terms her longing for “the one who could tell her what she was really like” (72).\nMeg’s desire is telling. Her need is not that of a corporate middle manager, looking for the best way to maximise his workers’ efficiency, but of a young woman looking to understand herself. And her search culminates in a visit to her","cbCairiFq0NB1S11","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairiFq0NB1S11","docx",51192,31,"English","# Abstract","[{\"question\":\"How does the collection Eleven Kinds of Loneliness connect loneliness to typing?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that loneliness is central while also tying that loneliness to the increasing cultural role of typing, personality tests, and social typologies in midcentury America.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does The Lonely Crowd (1950) play in the discussion?\",\"answer\":\"It is used as a key framework for understanding how social typologies and cultural conditions shaped later interpretations of loneliness and conformity.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does MBTI matter in the argument?\",\"answer\":\"MBTI is presented as widely popular and institutionally influential, yet rooted in earlier aspirations toward self-knowledge, linking typology to narratives about the self and emotional life.\"}]","Eleven Kinds of Loneliness and Reading for Type - Abstract | DOCX"]