[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-393266-105":53,"doc-detail-393266-en":119},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":112,"head_meta":114,"extra_data":116,"updated_unix":118},105,"en","effects-of-voltage-variation-voltage-drop-calculation-qa","Effects of Voltage Variation - Voltage Drop Calculation - Q&A","","Effects of Voltage Variation and related voltage-drop calculation concepts for ac electrical systems. Covers performance impacts on induction motors, lighting fixtures (fluorescent lamps, HID lamps), resistance heating devices, and capacitors, with key proportional relationships to impressed voltage. Includes definitions of system voltage and voltage drop, the voltage-drop percentage formula, and Philippine Electrical Code provisions referencing conductor sizing limits for acceptable voltage drop and total system losses. Summarizes how excessive voltage drop can increase heating and contribute to insulation degradation.",{"@graph":63,"@context":111},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/effects-of-voltage-variation-voltage-drop-calculation-qa/393266/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/effects-of-voltage-variation-voltage-drop-calculation-qa/393266.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Theodore","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-26",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"What does the Philippine Electrical Code require for conductor sizing and voltage drop limits?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"It requires conductors sized so the farthest outlet voltage drop does not exceed 3% for specified loads, and the maximum total voltage drop on feeders and branch circuits to the farthest outlet does not exceed 5%, to ensure reasonable efficiency.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":113,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":115,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":117,"site_id":56},393266,1791362080,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":120},{"doc_id":117,"user_id":121,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":122,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":123,"file_id":124,"file_url":125,"file_type":126,"file_size":127,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":128,"language":129,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":130,"faqs":131,"seo_title":132,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":133,"read_time":25},7971461740886,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","|  | O | LT | AGE DROP CALCULATION FORTING AND CONVENIENCE SOCKET UITS\u003Cbr>|  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | LIGH |  |  |  |  |\n|  | CI | RC |  |  |  |\n|  | | | |  | By: V. IDOS, REE JGC Philippines, Inc. |\n|  |  |  | | 43RD IIEE ANNUAL NATIONAL CONVENTION\u003Cbr>SMX CONVENTION CENTER, PASAY CITY, METRO MANILA\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|  |\n\nV  \n􀁼 Effect of Voltage Variation  \n􀁼 Definition of Terms  \n􀁼 Philippine Electrical Code Provisions  \n􀁼 Formula for Voltage Drop Calculation  \n􀁼 Sample Calculations  \n􀁼 VPCM Calculation Software  \n􀁼 Q&A  \nEFFECTS OF VOLTAGE VARIATION  \nINDUCTION MOTORS  \nReference: IEEE Std. 141-1993  \nEFFECTS OF VOLTAGE VARIATION  \nLIGHTING FIXTURES  \n| FLUORESCENT LAMPS | Light output is directly proportional to the applied voltage for magnetic ballast. |\n| --- | --- |\n|  | Light output for electronic ballast may be more or less dependent on input voltage. |\n| High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps | Mercury lamps with typical reactor ballast will have a 12% change in light output for a 5% change in voltage input |\n|  | HID lamps may extinguish if input voltage drops below 75% of rated voltage. |\n\nReference: IEEE Std. 141-1993  \nEFFECTS OF VOLTAGE VARIATION  \nRESISTANCE HEATING DEVICES  \no Heat output of resistance heaters varies approximately as the square of the impressed voltage.  \no A 10% drop in voltage will cause a drop of approximately 19% in heat output.  \nReference: IEEE Std. 141-1993  \nEFFECTS OF VOLTAGE VARIATION  \nCAPACITORS  \no The reactive power of the capacitor varies as the square of the impressed voltage.  \no A 10% drop in voltage will cause a drop of approximately 19% in reactive power output.  \nReference: IEEE Std. 141-1993  \nTO SUMMARIZE:  \no The voltage impressed in an equipment has an effect on the performance of a device or equipment.  \no Excessive voltage drop can cause heating of equipment. Thus, degradation of insulation is possible.  \nReference: IEEE Std. 141-1993  \nDEFINITION OF TERMS  \no  System Voltage-the root-meansquare phase-to-phase voltage of a portion of an ac electric system.  \no  Nominal System Voltage – the voltage by which a portion of the system is designated and to which certain operating characteristics of the system are related.  \nReference: IEEE Std. 141-1993  \nDEFINITION OF TERMS  \no Voltage Drop-is the amount of voltage loss that occurs through all or part of the circuit due to impedance.  \n% VD = VD/VN x 100%  \nWhere:  \nVD – Voltage drop (volts)  \nVN – nominal system voltage (volts)  \nSOURCE: Novec  \nPHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE  \nPROVISIONS  \n􀁼 According to PEC (Article [2.15.1.2](2.15.1.2) (A)  \nFPN No. 2)  \n“Conductors for feeders as defined in Article 1 . 1 sized to prevent a voltage drop exceeding  3 percent  at the  farthest outlet of power, heating and lighting loads, or combinations of such loads, and where the maximum total voltage drop on both feeders and branch circuit to the farthest outlet  does not exceed 5 percent, provide reasonable efficiency of operation.”","cbCaivnLtmFNVlVl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivnLtmFNVlVl","pdf",1676508,44,"English","# Effects of Voltage Variation\n## Induction Motors\n## Lighting Fixtures\n## Resistance Heating Devices\n## Capacitors\n# Definition of Terms\n## System Voltage\n## Voltage Drop\n# Philippine Electrical Code Provisions\n# Summary","[{\"question\":\"What does the Philippine Electrical Code require for conductor sizing and voltage drop limits?\",\"answer\":\"It requires conductors sized so the farthest outlet voltage drop does not exceed 3% for specified loads, and the maximum total voltage drop on feeders and branch circuits to the farthest outlet does not exceed 5%, to ensure reasonable efficiency.\"}]","Effects of Voltage Variation - Voltage Drop Calculation - Q&A | PDF",1790382234]