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Effective interchange of commercial, technical, and administrative data, with text, images and, increasingly, audiovisual information is vital for the growth of economy in the world markets. Through the increasing digitalization of media, automation of processes, and pervasive use of lightweight communicating devices (from notebooks to tablets to smart phones, information technology, telecommunications and consumer electronics are getting more and more integrated.  \nStandardization provides the means for economical solutions to complex technologies, and is required for data interchange and interoperability. Moreover, it is most effective when performed in a pre-competitive mode during product development and with all interested parties involved.  \nThe Association - one of the oldest worldwide standard bodies active in the area of ICT and CE standardization - was founded more than 50 years ago, in May 1961, and was registered in Switzerland as a not-for-profit organization.  \nFrom 1961 until 1994, ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association), then Ecma International (Ecma, for short) has actively contributed to worldwide standardization of ICT. So far 402 high quality Ecma Standards and 105 Technical Reports (and their updates) have been published.  \nStandardization is a never ending story especially in the area of ICT and CE, bursting with innovation and new usages . There are always new technologies waiting for urgent standardization . Therefore, we are optimistic about the next decades of standardization in Ecma.  \nEcma standardization work has always been recognized as far-sighted and reflecting technological trends at an early stage. As a consequence many Ecma Standards have been accepted as a basis for International and European Standards. To ensure close co-operation Ecma has established formal liaisons with European and international standardization bodies. The liaison with ISO and in particular the A-liaison with ISO/IEC JTC 1 (and its predecessor TC97), goes back to 1961. This fruitful co-operation led in 1987 to the acceptance of the Fast-Track procedure by ISO (and IEC) on a proposal by Ecma. Ecma combines the agility of consortia with the quality of the de jure standardization organizations. By combining its efficient infrastructure and proven yet adaptive working methods with the well-established formal liaisons at International and European level, Ecma has established a strong position in the area of ICT and CE standardization.  \nEcma Standards are developed by highly qualified experts from information technology, consumer electronics and telecommunication industrial firms, from smaller companies, or the academic or research community, with the commitment to provide, in ","cbCaihcDic3ikrle","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihcDic3ikrle","pdf",523557,93,"English","# Preface\n## Purpose and Membership\n## Ecma’s role in International Standardization\n## Organization of Ecma International\n## Ordinary members\n## Associate members\n## SME members\n## SPC members\n## Not-for-Profit members\n## Technical Committees\n## Index of Ecma Standards\n## Ecma Standards and corresponding International and European Standards\n## Technical Reports in force\n## List of Representatives\n## Ecma By-laws\n## Ecma Rules\n## Code of Conduct in Patent Matters\n## Software Copyright Matters\n## Text Copyright Matters\n## Trademark Matters\n## Withdrawn Ecma Standards and Technical Reports\n## History of Ecma International\n## About the Ecma Mementos\n## Past Presidents / Secretaries General","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of Ecma Memento 2013?\",\"answer\":\"It presents background on Ecma International’s standardization activities and summarizes its organizational structure, standards, and governance items.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the preface emphasize standardization for ICT and consumer electronics?\",\"answer\":\"Standardization enables economical solutions, supports data interchange and interoperability, and helps technologies transition from innovation to implementable standards.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Ecma describe the benefits of membership?\",\"answer\":\"Membership provides early knowledge of technological trends, expert evaluation of contributions to produce high-quality standards quickly, and the possibility of public reviews for intermediate drafts.\"}]","Ecma Memento 2013 | PDF",1789228014,33]