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ECMA-4  \nFLOW CHARTS  \n# BRIEF HISTORY\n\nA Technical Committee of ECMA met for the first time in 1960,to prepare a Standard for Flow Charts.The work has led inNovember 1964 to the issue of the Standard ECMA-4.In viewof the changes entered in the final version of the ISO Re-commendation(R 1028)for Flow Chart Symbols,the presentrevised 2nd Edition of this Standard has been issued.Itis in full agreement with this ISO Recommendation.  \nTHIS VERSION SUPERSEDES THE VERSION DATED Nov.1964.  \n# TABLE OF CONTENTS\n\nBRIEF HISTORY  \nPage  \n## 1.INTRODUCTION\n\n1  \n工  \n1.1 General  \n1.2 Types of Flow Charts  \n1  \n2  \n1.3 Conventions  \n3  \n1.4 Presentation of the Standard  \n3  \n1.5 Maintenance of the Standard  \n3  \n## 2.SYMBOLS FOR PROGRAM FLOW CHARTS\n\n3  \n### 2.1 Operational Symbols\n\n3  \n2.1.1 General Operational Symbol  \n4  \n2.1.2 Predefined Process Symbol  \n4  \n2.1.3 Input/Output Symbol  \n2.1.4 Preparation Symbol  \n4  \n### 2.2 Flow Control Symbols\n\n4  \n5  \n2.2.1 Branch Symbol  \n5  \n2.2.2 Flow Line Symbol  \n2.2.3 Parallel Mode Symbol  \n6  \n6  \n### 2.3 Auxiliary Symbols\n\n2.3.1 Connector Symbol  \n6  \n6  \n2.3.2 Terminal Symbol  \n6  \n2.3.3 Comment Symbol  \n## 3.SYMBOLS FOR DATA FLOW CHARTS\n\n6  \n6  \n### 3.1 Data Symbols\n\n7  \n3.1.1 General Data Symbol  \n3.1.2 Specific Data Symbol  \n7  \n8  \n### 3.2 Operational Symbol\n\n3.2.1 General Operational Symbol  \n8  \n3.2.2 Specific Operational Symbol  \n9  \n3.2.3 Manual Operation Symbol  \n10  \n10  \n### 3.3 Data Transfer Symbols\n\n10  \n3.3.1 Flow Line Symbols  \n3.3.2 Communication Link Symbol  \n10  \n### 3.4 Auxiliary Symbols\n\n11  \n3.4.1 Connector Symbol11  \n3.4.2 Comment Symbol11  \nAPPENDIXI :A Stock Control ExampleProgram Flow Chart  \nReserved Symbols  \nAPPENDIX II :  \nSpecial Punched Card Conventions  \nAPPENDIX III :  \nAPPENDIX IV:  Example of a Flow Chart produced by a Computer  \n## 1.INTRODUCTION\n\n===========  \n### 1.1 General\n\nToday flow charts are in wide use for the diagrammatic representation of pro-cesses.They consist of symbols with appropriate text,and connecting lines.Such a representation can be followed more easily than a narrative description,chiefly because of its two-dimensional structure.It also simplifies checkingfor completeness and logical consistency.  \nThis Standard for Flow Charts is not intended as a primer in flow charting,but is designed to ensure the general intelligibility of the diagrammatic partof flow charts.Note that the diagrammatic part has no meaning by itself untilsupplemented by the insertion of appropriate text into the symbols,and thatthis text will not be standardized.The standard is not rigid in that some free-dom of adaption is permitted under certain circumstances.  \nThe proposed graphical forms of the symbols were chosen bearing in mindthe following objectives :  \nThe number of basic graphical forms should be small.  \nThe symbols should be easily drawn freehand,by meansof template or by any automatic process(see Appendix IV).  \nThose symbols which may contain a varying amount oftext should be easily adaptable in size.  \n### 1.2 Types of Flow Charts\n\nIn connection with data processing there arises a need for two basic typesof flow charts.They are named respectively  \nProgram Flow Chart and Data Flow Chart.  \nThe full name is used only,when it is necessary to specify the type explicitly.  \nA program flow chart describes the flow of control within any computer program,  \ni.e.,the order in which the various program steps are to be executed.There-fore,it mainly consists of  \n(a)flow lines connecting successive program steps,  \n(b)operational symbols for the actual processing steps,  \n(c)flow control symbols defining the path to be followedunder various conditions.  \nIn so far as the plugboard wiring of a calculator or tabulator can be represered by a flo","cbCaigfOHzLlM8Gp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigfOHzLlM8Gp","pdf",6399043,23,"English","# Brief History\n# 1. Introduction\n## 1.1 General\n## 1.2 Types of Flow Charts\n## 1.3 Conventions\n# 2. Symbols for Program Flow Charts\n## 2.1 Operational Symbols\n## 2.2 Flow Control Symbols\n## 2.3 Auxiliary Symbols\n# 3. Symbols for Data Flow Charts\n## 3.1 Data Symbols\n## 3.2 Operational Symbol\n## 3.3 Data Transfer Symbols\n## 3.4 Auxiliary Symbols\n# Appendix I : A Stock Control Example Program Flow Chart\n# Appendix II : Special Punched Card Conventions\n# Appendix III\n# Appendix IV : Example of a Flow Chart produced by a Computer","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of Standard ECMA-4 for flow charts?\",\"answer\":\"It ensures the general intelligibility of the diagrammatic part of flow charts by defining symbols and conventions used to represent processes clearly.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the two main types of flow charts covered by the standard?\",\"answer\":\"Program Flow Charts describe the order of program steps and control flow, while Data Flow Charts describe how data moves through a processing system.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the standard treat the meaning of the diagrammatic symbols?\",\"answer\":\"The diagrammatic part has no meaning by itself until it is supplemented with appropriate text inside the symbols, and that text is not standardized.\"}]","ECMA-4 - Standard ECMA-4 - Flow Charts - 2nd Edition | PDF",8]