[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-564493-105":53,"doc-detail-564493-en":120},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":113,"head_meta":115,"extra_data":117,"updated_unix":119},105,"en","echocardiography-valve-disease-assessment-poster","Echocardiography: Valve Disease Assessment - Poster","","Echocardiography-based valve disease assessment poster outlining quantitative Doppler and imaging criteria for grading left and right heart valve lesions. It provides severity ranges for aortic stenosis (peak velocity, mean gradient, valve area), aortic regurgitation (regurgitant fraction, vena contracta, jet metrics), and mitral regurgitation (orifice area, volume, PISAr, jet and flow convergence features), plus mitral stenosis and tricuspid regurgitation. It also summarizes key anatomic observations and PISA-related measurements to support clinical severity classification.",{"@graph":63,"@context":112},[64,80,95],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":26,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/posters/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/echocardiography-valve-disease-assessment-poster/564493/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"author":82,"headline":59,"publisher":85,"fileFormat":88,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":89,"datePublished":89,"encodingFormat":88,"isAccessibleForFree":90,"interactionStatistic":91},"DigitalDocument",{"name":83,"@type":84},"dabgoudw","Person",{"url":68,"name":86,"@type":87},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":92,"interactionType":93,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":94},"ViewAction",{"@type":96,"mainEntity":97},"FAQPage",[98,104,108],{"name":99,"@type":100,"acceptedAnswer":101},"How are aortic stenosis severity grades defined on this poster?","Question",{"text":102,"@type":103},"Severity is graded using peak velocity, mean gradient, and valve area (including valve area/BSA and velocity ratio) with thresholds separating mild, moderate, severe, and very severe categories.","Answer",{"name":105,"@type":100,"acceptedAnswer":106},"Which measurements are used to grade aortic regurgitation severity?",{"text":107,"@type":103},"Aortic regurgitation severity uses regurgitant fraction, regurgitant orifice area, regurgitant volume, vena contracta width, and jet-related metrics such as jet width over LVOT diameter and jet CSA over LVOT CSA, along with diastolic flow reversal and leaflet/left-ventricular findings.",{"name":109,"@type":100,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What criteria are listed for grading tricuspid regurgitation on the right heart side?",{"text":111,"@type":103},"Tricuspid regurgitation severity is based on EROA by PISA and by 3D, regurgitant volumes, colour flow area, vena contracta width, PISAr at Nyquist, and supportive Doppler/anatomic indicators including hepatic vein flow pattern, TR leaflets, RV/RA size, and IVC diameter.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":114,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":86,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":116,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":118,"site_id":56},564493,1791842533,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":121},{"doc_id":118,"user_id":122,"nickname":83,"user_avatar":123,"doc_module":9,"category_id":25,"category_name":26,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":124,"file_id":125,"file_url":126,"file_type":127,"file_size":128,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":9,"language":129,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":130,"faqs":131,"seo_title":132,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":119,"read_time":4},3985747860484,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Echocardiography: Valve Disease Assessment  \nAuthors: Liam Ring and Allan Harkness, David Oxborough, Bushra Rana, Kelly Victor, Abbas Zaidi, Daniel Knight, Luigi Badano, Patrizio Lancellotti, Sushma Rekhraj, Benoy Shah, Mark Belham, Keith Pearce, Sanjeev Bhattacharyya, Christophe Tribouilloy, Radwa Bedair, Daniel Augustine and Shaun Robinson  \n\n|  | LEFT HEART |  |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | MILD |  | MODERATE | SEVERE | VERY SEVERE |  |\n|  | AORTIC STENOSIS |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Peak velocity (m/s) | 2.5–2.9 |  | 3.0–3.9 | 4.0–4.9 |  | ≥5.0 |\n| Mean gradient (mmHg) | \u003C20 |  | 20–39 | 40–59 |  | ≥60 |\n| Valve area (cm ²) | >1.5 |  | 1.0–1.5 | \u003C1.0 |  | ≤0.6 |\n| Valve area/BSA (cm ²/m ²) | >0.85 |  | 0.60–0.85 | \u003C0.60 |  |  |\n| Velocity ratio | >0.5 |  | 0.25–0.5 | \u003C0.25 |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  |  | MILD | MODERATE | SEVERE |  |  |\n|  |  | AORTIC REGURGITATION |  |  |  |  |\n| Regurgitant fraction (%) |  | ≤30 | 31–49 | ≥50 |  |  |\n| Regurgitant orifice area (cm ²) |  | \u003C0.1 | 0.10–0.29 | ≥0.30 |  |  |\n| Regurgitant volume (mL) |  | \u003C30 | 31–59 | ≥60 |  |  |\n| Vena contracta width (cm) |  | \u003C0.3 | 0.3–0.6 | >0.6 |  |  |\n| Jet width / LVOTd* (%) |  | \u003C25 | 25–64 | ≥65 |  |  |\n| Jet CSA/LVOT CSA* (%) |  | \u003C5 | 5–59 | ≥60 |  |  |\n| Dao end-diastolic velocity (cm/s) |  |  |  | ≥20 |  |  |\n| Aortic leaflets |  | Normal or abnormal |  | Abnormal, flail, restriction, perforation or wide coaptation defect |  |  |\n| LV size |  | Normal |  | Usually dilated. May be normal in acute severe AR |  |  |\n| Jet width colour flow* |  | Small |  | Large |  |  |\n| Flow convergence colour flow |  | None/very small |  | Large |  |  |\n| Jet density CW |  | Incomplete/faint | Dense | Dense |  |  |\n| Pressure half time (ms) |  | >500 | 200–500 | \u003C200 |  |  |\n| Diastolic flow reversal desc Ao |  | Brief, early | Intermediate | Prominent holodiastolic |  |  |\n| MITRAL REGURGITATION |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Regurgitant orifice area (cm ²) |  | \u003C0.20 | 0.20–0.39 | ≥0.40† |  |  |\n| Regurgitant volume (mL) |  | \u003C30 | 30–59 | ≥60† |  |  |\n| Regurgitant fraction (%) |  | \u003C30 | 30–49 | ≥50 |  |  |\n| PISAr at Nyquist 40cm/s (cm) |  | \u003C0.3 | 0.4–1.0 | ≥1.0 |  |  |\n| Vena contracta width (cm) |  | \u003C0.3 | 0.30–0.69 | ≥0.7 |  |  |\n| Biplane VC width (cm) |  | \u003C0.3 | 0.30–0.79 | ≥0.8 |  |  |\n| Pulmonary vein systolic flow |  | Dominance‡ | Blunting‡ | Flow reversal |  |  |\n| Dominant mitral inflow wave (cm/s) |  | A-wave§ | variable | E-wave >1.5 |  |  |\n| MV inflow VTI/LVOT VTI |  | \u003C1 |  | >1.4 |  |  |\n| Mitral leaflets |  | Normal |  | Abnormal, flail, restriction, perforation or wide coaptation defect |  |  |\n| LV size (chronic primary MR) |  | Normal |  | Dilated indicates severe primary MR, although normal size does not rule out severe MR |  |  |\n| LA size (chronic primary MR) |  | Normal |  | Dilated |  |  |\n| Jet area/LA (%) |  | Small, brief | 20–50 | Large, >50 |  |  |\n| Flow convergence |  | None, brief, small | Intermediate | Large & holosystolic |  |  |\n| CW Doppler |  | Faint, partial, parabolic | Intermediate | Similar in density to forward flow. Triangular waveform suggests torrential or acute severe MR |  |  |\n| MITRAL STENOSIS |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Valve area∫∫ (cm ²) | 1.6–2.0 |  | 1.0–1.5 | \u003C1.0  |  |  |\n| Mean gradient (mmHg) | \u003C5 |  | 5–10 | >10  |  |  |\n| Systolic PA pressure (mmHg) | \u003C30 |  | 30–50 | >50  |  |  |\n\nPulmonary valve  \nAortic valve  \nMitral  \nvalve   \nParasternal LAX View  \nCoronary Sinus  \nParasternal RV View Coronary Sinus & IVS seen  \nRight Coronary Artery  \nTricuspid valve  \nParasternal RV View No Coronary Sinus & No IVS seen  \nPosterior  \nFlow convergence (PISA)  \nRegurgitatant orifice    \nJet expansion  \nVena contracta  \ncircular  \nelliptical  \nAorto-mitral continuity  \nA3 A1  \nPosteromedial commissure  \nA2  \nP3 P1  \nAnterolateral commissure  \n Primary chords  Secondary chords  Tertiary chords  \nP2  \nMuscular mitral annulus  \nNormal Mitral valve  \n≤ 2mm above annular plane  \ncoaptation  \nL","cbCailwMVdGFORBE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailwMVdGFORBE","pdf",412672,"English","# Aortic Stenosis\n## Quantitative Doppler severity ranges\n# Aortic Regurgitation\n## Regurgitant fraction, orifice area, jet and flow features\n# Mitral Regurgitation\n## Regurgitant measurements and flow convergence/CW Doppler cues\n# Mitral Stenosis\n## Valve area, mean gradient, systolic pulmonary pressure\n# Tricuspid Regurgitation\n## EROA, regurgitant volume, vena contracta, hepatic vein and IVC clues\n# Tricuspid Stenosis","[{\"question\":\"How are aortic stenosis severity grades defined on this poster?\",\"answer\":\"Severity is graded using peak velocity, mean gradient, and valve area (including valve area/BSA and velocity ratio) with thresholds separating mild, moderate, severe, and very severe categories.\"},{\"question\":\"Which measurements are used to grade aortic regurgitation severity?\",\"answer\":\"Aortic regurgitation severity uses regurgitant fraction, regurgitant orifice area, regurgitant volume, vena contracta width, and jet-related metrics such as jet width over LVOT diameter and jet CSA over LVOT CSA, along with diastolic flow reversal and leaflet/left-ventricular findings.\"},{\"question\":\"What criteria are listed for grading tricuspid regurgitation on the right heart side?\",\"answer\":\"Tricuspid regurgitation severity is based on EROA by PISA and by 3D, regurgitant volumes, colour flow area, vena contracta width, PISAr at Nyquist, and supportive Doppler/anatomic indicators including hepatic vein flow pattern, TR leaflets, RV/RA size, and IVC diameter.\"}]","Echocardiography: Valve Disease Assessment - Poster | PDF"]