[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-219774-105":53,"doc-detail-219774-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":120,"head_meta":122,"extra_data":124,"updated_unix":126},105,"en","dynamic-modelling-and-simulation-of-a-manual-transmission-based-mild-hybrid-vehicle-gear-shift-torque-hole-filling","Dynamic modelling and simulation of a manual transmission based mild hybrid vehicle - Gear-shift torque hole filling","","This paper investigates the development of a mild hybrid powertrain by combining a conventional manual transmission with a secondary electric motor that drives the transmission output shaft. The study focuses on partial power-on gear shifts and the use of torque hole filling during gear changes. Mathematical models of both the conventional and mild hybrid powertrains are developed and compared to evaluate dynamic performance. Simulations support gear-shift control algorithm design and assess how motor power limits affect torque-hole compensation and gearshift quality using output torque, vehicle speed, and vibration dose value. Results show torque-hole elimination at 50 kW and minimum vibration dose at 16–20 kW peak power.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/dynamic-modelling-and-simulation-of-a-manual-transmission-based-mild-hybrid-vehicle-gear-shift-torque-hole-filling/219774/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dynamic-modelling-and-simulation-of-a-manual-transmission-based-mild-hybrid-vehicle-gear-shift-torque-hole-filling/219774.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Asher","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-26","2026-09-08",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"How does the mild hybrid system compensate the torque hole during gear shifts?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"An electric motor provides tractive force when the clutch is disengaged, reducing or eliminating the torque hole. It also adds damping to torque oscillations during shifting and take-off.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"What models are developed for the study?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"Mathematical models for both the conventional manual powertrain and the mild hybrid powertrain are built. These models are used for simulations that support control algorithm design.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which motor power levels lead to the best results, according to the paper?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"Torque hole elimination is demonstrated using a motor power of 50 kW. The minimum vibration dose during gear change is achieved with a peak power in the range of 16–20 kW.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},219774,1788893951,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":136,"language":137,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":138,"faqs":139,"seo_title":140,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":126,"read_time":141},687197207639,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Dynamic modelling and simulation of a manual transmission based mild hybrid vehicle\nMohamed Awadallah, Peter Tawadros, Paul Walker, and Nong Zhang\nABSTRACT\nThis paper investigates the development of a mild hybrid powertrain system through the integration of a conventional manual transmission equipped powertrain and a secondary power source in the form of an electric motor driving the transmission output shaft. The primary goal of this paper is to study the performance of partial power-on gear shifts through the implementation of torque hole filling by the electric motor during gear changes. To achieve this goal, mathematical models of both conventional and mild hybrid powertrain are developed and used to compare the system dynamic performance of the two systems. This mathematical modelling is used to run different simulations for gear-shift control algorithm design during system development, allowing us to evaluate the achievable performance and its dependency on system properties. The impact of motor power on the degree of torque hole compensation is also investigated, keeping in mind the practical limits to motor specification. This investigation uses both the output torque, vehicle speed as well as vibration dose value to evaluate the quality of gearshifts at different motor sizes. Results demonstrate that the torque hole may be eliminated using a motor power of 50 kW. However, the minimum vibration dose value during gear change is achieved using a peak power of 16-20 kW.\nKeywords: Dynamics; Manual transmission; Mild hybrid electric vehicle (MHEV); Torque hole; Powertrain; Gear-shifting control;\nAuthors\nM. Awadallah, P. Tawadros, P. Walker and N. Zhang are with the School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.\n(E-mails: \u0013 HYPERLINK \"mailto:Mohamed.M.Awadallah@student.uts.edu.au\" \u0014Mohamed.M.Awadallah@student.uts.edu.au\u0015 / \u0013 HYPERLINK \"mailto:eng.m.zakaria@gmail.com\" \u0014eng.m.zakaria@gmail.com\u0015, \u0013 HYPERLINK \"mailto:Peter.Tawadros@uts.edu.au\" \u0014Peter.Tawadros@uts.edu.au\u0015, \u0013 HYPERLINK \"mailto:Paul.Walker@uts.edu.au\" \u0014Paul.Walker@uts.edu.au\u0015, \u0013 HYPERLINK \"mailto:Nong.Zhang@uts.edu.au\" \u0014Nong.Zhang@uts.edu.au\u0015).\nINTRODUCTION\nThe essential function of a modern powertrain is to deliver torque to the road-tyre interface while providing high efficiency, and excellent ride quality \u0013 ADDIN EN.CITE \u003CEndNote>\u003CCite>\u003CAuthor>Kuo\u003C/Author>\u003CYear>2011\u003C/Year>\u003CRecNum>238\u003C/RecNum>\u003CDisplayText>[1]\u003C/DisplayText>\u003Crecord>\u003Crec-number>238\u003C/rec-number>\u003Cforeign-keys>\u003Ckey app=\"EN\" db-id=\"xspzrtw05w5rsye5ea0pfspyfva505xwv9p0\" timestamp=\"1455497856\">238\u003C/key>\u003Ckey app=\"ENWeb\" db-id=\"\">0\u003C/key>\u003C/foreign-keys>\u003Cref-type name=\"Journal Article\">17\u003C/ref-type>\u003Ccontributors>\u003Cauthors>\u003Cauthor>Kuo, Kei-Lin\u003C/author>\u003C/authors>\u003C/contributors>\u003Ctitles>\u003Ctitle>Simulation and Analysis of the Shift Process for an Automatic Transmission\u003C/title>\u003Csecondary-title>World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology\u003C/secondary-title>\u003C/titles>\u003Cperiodical>\u003Cfull-title>World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology\u003C/full-title>\u003C/periodical>\u003Cpages>341-347\u003C/pages>\u003Cvolume>52\u003C/volume>\u003Cdates>\u003Cyear>2011\u003C/year>\u003C/dates>\u003Curls>\u003C/urls>\u003Cresearch-notes>Waset\u003C/research-notes>\u003C/record>\u003C/Cite>\u003C/EndNote>\u0014[1]\u0015. System design, and in particular, engine and transmission control design are the primary tools available to deliver these requirements. The control systems, including hydraulic clutch control, must provide ideal control of engine and transmission speed and torque, to achieve the best possible results during the shift period. The shift transients are the result of discontinuities in speed, torque, and inertia present during shifting. These discontinuities must be minimised to reduce the transient response of the powertrain \u0013 ADDIN EN.CITE \u003CEndNote>\u003CCite>\u003CAuthor>Sun\u003C/Author>\u003CYear>2005\u003C/Year>\u003CRecNum>250\u003C/RecNum>\u003CDisplayText>[2]\u003C/DisplayText>\u003Crecord>\u003Crec-number>250\u003C/rec-number>\u003Cforeign-keys>\u003Ckey app=\"EN\" db-id=\"xspzrtw05w5rsye5ea0pfspyfva505xwv","cbCainPky0nRYUpr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainPky0nRYUpr","docx",1869071,27,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methodology and Models\n## Torque hole filling concept\n## Gear-shift control algorithm design\n# Simulation and Evaluation\n## Performance comparison\n## Motor power impact on compensation\n## Gearshift quality metrics (torque, speed, vibration dose)","[{\"question\":\"How does the mild hybrid system compensate the torque hole during gear shifts?\",\"answer\":\"An electric motor provides tractive force when the clutch is disengaged, reducing or eliminating the torque hole. It also adds damping to torque oscillations during shifting and take-off.\"},{\"question\":\"What models are developed for the study?\",\"answer\":\"Mathematical models for both the conventional manual powertrain and the mild hybrid powertrain are built. These models are used for simulations that support control algorithm design.\"},{\"question\":\"Which motor power levels lead to the best results, according to the paper?\",\"answer\":\"Torque hole elimination is demonstrated using a motor power of 50 kW. The minimum vibration dose during gear change is achieved with a peak power in the range of 16–20 kW.\"}]","Dynamic modelling and simulation of a manual transmission based mild hybrid vehicle - Gear-shift torque hole filling | DOCX",9]