[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-165736-105":53,"doc-detail-165736-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","dna-replication-6-dna-replication","DNA Replication - 6 - DNA Replication","","DNA replication explains how cells copy the double helix before division, producing two daughter DNA molecules from one original set of strands. Watson and Crick proposed semi-conservative replication in which parental strands separate and new strands are synthesized as templates guide base pairing via the AT/GC rule. Incoming dNTPs are incorporated through hydrogen bonding and phosphodiester bond formation, using dATP, dTTP, dCTP, and dGTP. In bacteria, initiation at OriC involves DnaA, ATP, helicase activity, SSBPs, and bidirectional fork formation coordinated with cell division by regulating active DnaA and GATC methylation.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/dna-replication-6-dna-replication/165736/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dna-replication-6-dna-replication/165736.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Cart","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-27","2026-08-31",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":73},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What does semi-conservative DNA replication mean?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"During replication, the two original DNA strands separate, and two new strands are synthesized using the originals as templates. Each resulting DNA molecule contains one parental strand and one daughter strand.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How are dNTPs incorporated during DNA replication?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Incoming dNTPs follow the AT/GC base-pairing rule through hydrogen bond formation with the template strand. A phosphodiester bond forms between the incoming 5’ phosphate and the 3’ hydroxyl group on the growing daughter strand.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does E. coli regulate the initiation of DNA replication?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"E. coli controls initiation frequency by limiting active DnaA availability so only one OriC copy can be activated, and by using Dam methylation of GATC sequences as an activation signal. If conditions are met, replication starts; after replication, the setup prevents immediate re-initiation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},165736,1790469324,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":73,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":45,"language":135,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":136,"faqs":137,"seo_title":138,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":139,"read_time":140},18829141979164,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","6 - DNA Replication\nOverview of DNA Replication\nWhen James Watson and Francis Crick determined the structure of the DNA double helix, they noticed that the structure provided clues to how DNA is copied prior to cell division. This copying process is called DNA replication (see figure 6.1).\nWatson and Crick proposed that during DNA replication, the two original DNA strands within the double helix separate, and two new DNA strands are synthesized, using the original DNA strands as templates.  This copying process is called semi-conservative replication. The two original DNA strands are called parental DNA strands; each of the newly synthesized DNA strands is called a daughter DNA strand.\nWhen DNA nucleotides (deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates or dNTPs) are used to make the daughter DNA strands, the AT/GC rule is followed. Hydrogen bonds are formed between the nitrogenous bases within the incoming nucleotides and the template strand nitrogenous bases. Then a phosphodiester bond is formed between the free 5’ phosphate on the incoming nucleotide and the free 3’ hydroxyl group on the growing daughter DNA strand. The dNTPs used as the substrates for DNA synthesis include deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP), deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP), deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP), and deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP).\nKey Questions\nWhat is a parental DNA strand?\nWhat is a daughter DNA strand?\nWhat are the four dNTPs used in DNA replication?\nA. DNA Replication in Bacteria\nOrigin of Replication\nWe learned in Chapter 1 that the site on the bacterial chromosome where DNA replication begins is the origin of replication (see figure 6.2). The bacterium E. coli has a single origin of replication called OriC. OriC is a 275 base pair (bp)-long DNA sequence that includes:\nAT-rich sequences. These AT-rich sequences are significant as only two hydrogen bonds hold AT base pairs together in DNA. Less energy is required to separate AT-rich DNA sequences than GC-rich sequences, so the parental DNA strand separation that starts DNA replication occurs at these AT-rich sequences.\nDnaA box sequences.  The DNA replication protein DnaA (see below) binds to the DnaA box sequences within OriC.  DnaA proteins use ATP to initiate parental DNA strand separation at the AT-rich sequences.\nGATC methylation sequences. Methylation of the adenine bases within each GATC methylation sequence serves as an activation signal for DNA replication.\nDNA replication begins at OriC and proceeds in both directions (clockwise and counterclockwise) around the circular bacterial chromosome (bidirectional replication).  Finally, a replicon is defined as all of the DNA replicated from a single origin. Since the entire E. coli chromosome is replicated from a single origin, the entire chromosome is one replicon.\nKey Questions\nWhat are the names and functions of the three types of DNA sequences found within OriC?\nWhat is a replicon?\nReplication Initiation\nThe steps involved to initiate DNA replication in bacteria are (see figure 6.3):\nDnaA proteins bind to the DnaA box sequences. DnaA proteins bind tightly to the DnaA box sequences within OriC when the DnaA proteins are bound to ATP.\nThe parental DNA strands separate. The DnaA proteins bind to each other, forming a bulge in the DNA.  This DNA bulge causes the parental DNA strands to separate within the AT-rich sequences of OriC. DNA strand separation involves the DnaA protein cleaving ATP. After ATP is cleaved, the DnaA proteins are released from OriC.\nA DNA helicase protein binds to each of the two separated parental DNA strands.\nThe DNA helicases move along the parental DNA strands in opposite directions, separating the DNA strands to form two replication forks. Parental DNA strand separation starts at OriC and moves in both directions around the circular bacterial chromosome. DNA helicase cleaves ATP and uses the released energy to continue DNA strand separation at each replication fork.\nSingle-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) bind","cbCaieDOLlJpoK3B","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieDOLlJpoK3B","docx",2151259,"English","# Overview of DNA Replication\n## Key Concepts\n# DNA Replication in Bacteria\n## Origin of Replication (OriC)\n## Replication Initiation\n## Coordinating Replication with Cell Division","[{\"question\":\"What does semi-conservative DNA replication mean?\",\"answer\":\"During replication, the two original DNA strands separate, and two new strands are synthesized using the originals as templates. Each resulting DNA molecule contains one parental strand and one daughter strand.\"},{\"question\":\"How are dNTPs incorporated during DNA replication?\",\"answer\":\"Incoming dNTPs follow the AT/GC base-pairing rule through hydrogen bond formation with the template strand. A phosphodiester bond forms between the incoming 5’ phosphate and the 3’ hydroxyl group on the growing daughter strand.\"},{\"question\":\"How does E. coli regulate the initiation of DNA replication?\",\"answer\":\"E. coli controls initiation frequency by limiting active DnaA availability so only one OriC copy can be activated, and by using Dam methylation of GATC sequences as an activation signal. If conditions are met, replication starts; after replication, the setup prevents immediate re-initiation.\"}]","DNA Replication - 6 - DNA Replication | DOCX",1788176024,7]