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Using telemetry, 36 Harpy Eagles (Harpia harpyja) were tracked following release in Mesoamerica after captive-rearing and wild rehabilitation. Mixed-effects models assessed how PA effectiveness and individual traits (sex/age), human intervention (captive management/release method), and landscape composition and configuration shaped dispersal and home-range use. Results showed mean dispersal of 29.4 km and mean home ranges of 1039.5 km². Nine individuals’ ranges spanned three countries, with influence from release method, patch richness, patch and edge density, and contagion. Findings suggest PAs may not function as effective conservation units for this species, and coordinated, corridor-informed restoration is required.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/dispersal-and-space-use-of-harpy-eagles-implications-for-reintroduction-and-reinforcement-management/177644/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dispersal-and-space-use-of-harpy-eagles-implications-for-reintroduction-and-reinforcement-management/177644.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Fahsai","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/octet-stream","2026-09-28","2026-09-02",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What was the main goal of tracking Harpy Eagles after release in Mesoamerica?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"To estimate dispersal and space use and evaluate how protected areas and landscape factors influence home-range protection after release.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Which variables were tested for their effects on dispersal and home ranges?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"The study assessed individual traits (sex/age), human intervention (captive management and release method), and landscape composition and configuration using mixed-effects models.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why might protected areas be insufficient for Harpy Eagles in Mesoamerica?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Their average home range greatly exceeds the typical size of terrestrial protected areas reported for the region, and home ranges can span multiple countries.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},177644,1790576222,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":47,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":8},549768702563,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000c4aa63b76e948b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786536092046926083","Dispersal and space use of captive-reared and wild-rehabilitated Harpy Eagles released in Central American landscapes: Implications for reintroduction and reinforcement management\nAdrián Naveda-Rodríguez1,2, Edwin Campbell-Thompson1, Richard T. Watson1, Jennifer McCabe1 and Félix Hernán Vargas1\n1The Peregrine Fund, 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709, USA\n2Wildlife Conservation Society, Ecuador Program, Quito, Ecuador.\nCorrespondence: Adrián Naveda-Rodríguez , Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA. adrian.naveda@gmail.com\nShort title: Movement patterns of harpy eagles\nAdrián Naveda-Rodríguez: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-2893\nEdwin Campbell-Thompson: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5896-6105\nFélix Hernán Vargas: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0035-7670\n\u000f\nABSTRACT\nUnderstanding the spatial context of animal movements is fundamental for establishment and management of protected areas (PA). However, these data are not readily available for large raptors, particularly for tropical species. We telemetry-tracked 36 captive-reared and wild-rehabilitated Harpia harpyja and estimated dispersal and space use after release in Mesoamerica. We evaluated the effectiveness of PA in the protection of home ranges and examined how individual traits (sex/age), human intervention (captive management/release method) and landscape composition and configuration influenced dispersal and home range using mixed-effects models. Mean post-release dispersal was 29.4 km (95% CI: 22.5-38.5), annual home ranges averaged 1039.5 km2 (95% CI: 627-1941). The home ranges of nine individuals were distributed across three countries. Home ranges were influenced by release method, patch richness, patch and edge density, and contagion. PA in Mesoamerica may not be effective conservation units for this species. Harpy Eagle average home range greatly exceeded the average size of 1115 terrestrial PA (52.7±6.1 km2) in Mesoamerica. Given its spatial requirements, restoration of the Harpy Eagle in Mesoamerica may provide an opportunity to inform the design and management of dynamic conservation concepts, such as biological corridors. Due to their wide use of space, including transboundary, Harpy Eagles conservation efforts may fail if they are not carefully coordinated between the countries involved. Future restoration efforts of umbrella forest-dwelling raptors should select release sites with highly aggregated and poorly interspersed forest. Release sites should have a buffer of approximately 30 km and should be located completely within PA.\nKEYWORDS\nanimal movement, contagion, headstarting, landscape detective, landscape heterogeneity, Mesoamerican Biological Corridor, Neotropical bird of prey.\n\u000f\nINTRODUCTION\nBirds of prey have key functional roles in terrestrial ecosystems and are often used as umbrella species (species with large habitat needs whose protection could lead to the conservation of many other co-occurring species) to achieve conservation goals (Sarasola et al. 2018). Furthermore, their long-term conservation is contingent on reliable knowledge of their natural history. Understanding the ecological consequences of movement strategies such as dispersal and space use, and their drivers is fundamental in ecology, but also for choosing the scale of management that aids the creation and management of protected areas (Schwartz 1999; Allen & Singh 2016). However, these data are usually not available for large raptors, particularly tropical species.\nRaptor dispersal (intentional individual displacement from population centers) and space use are key to colonize new areas and connects fragmented populations (Bildstein 2017; Serrano 2018). Dispersal and space use are related to body size, age, gender, habitat conditions, prey availability and breeding season (Newton 1979; Peery 2000; Serrano 2018). Studies on movements of large tropical raptors are often characterized by small sample sizes, limiting the abil","cbCaie4uRMDy2AVB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaie4uRMDy2AVB","doc",354116,32,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Conservation relevance of raptors as umbrella species\n## Movement drivers and management scale\n## Harpy Eagle status and restoration background\n## Knowledge gaps and study motivation","[{\"question\":\"What was the main goal of tracking Harpy Eagles after release in Mesoamerica?\",\"answer\":\"To estimate dispersal and space use and evaluate how protected areas and landscape factors influence home-range protection after release.\"},{\"question\":\"Which variables were tested for their effects on dispersal and home ranges?\",\"answer\":\"The study assessed individual traits (sex/age), human intervention (captive management and release method), and landscape composition and configuration using mixed-effects models.\"},{\"question\":\"Why might protected areas be insufficient for Harpy Eagles in Mesoamerica?\",\"answer\":\"Their average home range greatly exceeds the typical size of terrestrial protected areas reported for the region, and home ranges can span multiple countries.\"}]","Dispersal and Space Use of Harpy Eagles - Implications for Reintroduction and Reinforcement Management | DOC",1788328715]