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The leaflet explains how kidney stones develop, who may be at higher risk, and practical actions including increasing daily fluid intake, choosing suitable drinks with citrate support, limiting salt to reduce sodium and urinary calcium while preserving citrate, and adopting healthy eating habits to maintain weight. It also includes guidance for reading food labels and following alcohol recommendations.",{"@graph":63,"@context":112},[64,80,95],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":36,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/forms/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/dietary-advice-for-people-with-kidney-stones-healthy-eating-guide/565281/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"author":82,"headline":59,"publisher":85,"fileFormat":88,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":89,"datePublished":89,"encodingFormat":88,"isAccessibleForFree":90,"interactionStatistic":91},"DigitalDocument",{"name":83,"@type":84},"Aran","Person",{"url":68,"name":86,"@type":87},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":92,"interactionType":93,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":94},"ViewAction",{"@type":96,"mainEntity":97},"FAQPage",[98,104,108],{"name":99,"@type":100,"acceptedAnswer":101},"How do kidney stones develop and why does concentrated urine increase risk?","Question",{"text":102,"@type":103},"Kidney stones develop from tiny mineral deposits in the kidney that grow into visible fragments. This happens when urine is very concentrated.","Answer",{"name":105,"@type":100,"acceptedAnswer":106},"What is the most important fluid-related step to prevent kidney stones?",{"text":107,"@type":103},"Increase the amount of fluid you drink and pass urine regularly, including through the night. Aim to drink at least two and a half to three litres of water a day.",{"name":109,"@type":100,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Why should people with calcium kidney stones reduce salt intake?",{"text":111,"@type":103},"A high salt diet leads to higher sodium and calcium and lower citrate levels in urine, which can contribute to stone formation. The leaflet advises reducing salt, especially from convenience and processed foods.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":114,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":86,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":116,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":118,"site_id":56},565281,1791850631,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":121},{"doc_id":118,"user_id":122,"nickname":83,"user_avatar":123,"doc_module":9,"category_id":35,"category_name":36,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":124,"file_id":125,"file_url":126,"file_type":127,"file_size":128,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":15,"language":129,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":130,"faqs":131,"seo_title":132,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":119,"read_time":79},137455076865,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Dietary advice for people with Kidney Stones  \nA guide to healthy eating for people who form calcium kidney stones  \nOxford Kidney Unit  \nBackground  \nThis leaflet provides information on how to alter your diet to reduce your risk of kidney stones.  \nKidney stones develop from tiny mineral deposits within the kidney, which then increase in size to form visible fragments. This happens when urine is very concentrated.  \nThe majority of kidney stones are calcium-containing. These include calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate types.  \nYou may be at higher risk of kidney stones if you have:  \n• A family history of kidney stones.  \n• Urinary tract abnormalities.  \n• Frequent urinary tract infections.  \n• Absorption problems e.g. gastric bypass, Crohn’s disease, intestinal resection.  \n• Gout.  \n• Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome.  \nYour diet and lifestyle can reduce the growth of kidney stones.  \n• Reduce the acidity and change the amount of stone forming substances in your urine by changing your diet.  \n• Increasing your urine volume to 2-3 litres a day.  \n• Promoting a healthy lifestyle to address obesity, diabetes and hypertension.  \nFluid  \nThe most important thing you can do to prevent the formation of stones is to increase the amount of fluid you are having. Passing urine regularly, including through the night, helps prevent stone formation.  \nAim to drink at least two and a half to three litres of water a day.  \nSome fluids are better to drink than others:  \n• Adding lemon or lime juice to water increases citrate levels in your urine. This can reduce your risk of forming oxalate stones. Add 60ml of concentrated lemon or lime juice (or the juice of three to four lemons or limes) to one litre of water.  \n• Avoid carbonated and sugar-sweetened drinks, such as cola, orangeade, energy drinks and sparkling water. If choosing a carbonated drink; lemonade or diet lemonade with a higher percentage of lemon juice is a better option.  \n• Choose no added sugar squashes or cordials.  \n• Always add milk to tea and coffee if you have oxalate stones to help reduce oxalate being absorbed in your gut.  \nSalt  \nA high salt diet leads to high sodium, high calcium and low citrate levels in your urine which can lead to stone formation. You should aim to reduce the amount of salt in your diet, particularly from convenience foods, which can contribute up to 75% of the salt in your diet.  \nThere are different varieties of salt including celery salt, garlic salt, Himalayan salt, rock salt, sea salt and table salt. They all contain sodium and should not be added to food in cooking or at the table. Alternatives to salt, such as LoSalt and So-Low are not recommended as they do not allow your taste buds to adapt to a low salt diet.  \nTips on how to reduce your salt intake include:  \n• Reduce smoked, cured or canned meats and fish, such as bacon, ham, sausages and smoked salmon. Instead choose fresh meat or fish, e.g. fresh beef, chicken, cod or salmon.  \n• Reduce salty snacks such as crisps, salted nuts or salted biscuits.  \n• Reduce tinned and packet soups, gravy granules, stock cubes and condiments. Choose lower salt varieties.  \n• Reduce cheese with a high salt content. Lower salt cheeses include cottage cheese, cream cheese (e.g. Philadelphia) and mozzarella.  \n• You can season your food using herbs, spices, chilli or curry powder, lemon juice and garlic.  \n• When eating out or ordering a take-away ask the chef for no salt or monosodium glutamate (MSG) .  \n• Reduce the amount of ready-made foods you eat.  \nLook at food labels when making decisions on which foods to buy. Remember, food labels may show the salt content per 100g and not always the salt content of the entire portion. Choose foods with more green coding and fewer with amber coding. Avoid foods with red coding.  \n\n| This is high | This is moderate | This is low |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Over 1.5g per 100g or over 1.8g per portion | 0.3-1.5g per 100g | Under 0.3g per 100g |\n\n","cbCaiumOAy5Flfaa","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiumOAy5Flfaa","pdf",100653,"English","# Background\n## Key risk factors\n# Fluid\n## Daily fluid targets\n## Drinks and citrate\n# Salt\n## Why salt matters\n## Practical ways to reduce salt\n## Understanding salt labels\n# Healthy eating\n## Weight and lifestyle tips","[{\"question\":\"How do kidney stones develop and why does concentrated urine increase risk?\",\"answer\":\"Kidney stones develop from tiny mineral deposits in the kidney that grow into visible fragments. This happens when urine is very concentrated.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the most important fluid-related step to prevent kidney stones?\",\"answer\":\"Increase the amount of fluid you drink and pass urine regularly, including through the night. Aim to drink at least two and a half to three litres of water a day.\"},{\"question\":\"Why should people with calcium kidney stones reduce salt intake?\",\"answer\":\"A high salt diet leads to higher sodium and calcium and lower citrate levels in urine, which can contribute to stone formation. The leaflet advises reducing salt, especially from convenience and processed foods.\"}]","Dietary Advice for People with Kidney Stones - Healthy Eating Guide | PDF"]