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Covers reading delimited text (read_delim, read_csv, read_csv2, read_tsv, read_fwf), writing files (write_delim, write_csv, write_csv2, write_tsv), and key read/write arguments for headers, missing values, skipping rows, selecting columns, and decimal marks. Includes column specification concepts (spec, column types, and useful options) and guidance for importing spreadsheets from Excel and Google Sheets using readxl and googlesheets4.","One of the first steps of a project is to import outside data into R. Data is often stored in tabular formats, like csv files or spreadsheets.  \nThe front page of this sheet showshow to import and save text files into R using readr.  \nThe back page shows how to import spreadsheet data from Excel files using readxl or Google Sheets using googlesheets4 .  \n| A | B | C |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | 2 | 3 |\n| 4 | 5 | NA |\n\nread_ *(file, col_names = TRUE, col_types = NULL, col_select = NULL, id = NULL, locale, n_max = Inf, skip = 0, na = c(\"\", \"NA\"), guess_max = min(1000, n_max), show_col_types = TRUE) See ?read_delim  \nread_delim(\"file.txt\", delim = \"|\") Read files with any delimiter. If no delimiter is specified, it will automatically guess.  \nTo make file.txt, run: write_file(\"A|B|C\\n1|2|3\\n4|5|NA\", file = \"file.txt\")  \nread_csv(\"file.csv\") Read a comma delimited file with period decimal marks.  \nwrite_file(\"A,B,C\\n1,2,3\\n4,5,NA\", file = \"file.csv\")  \nData import with the tidyverse : : CHEATSHEET  \nOTHER TYPES OF DATA  \nTry one of the following  \npackages to import other types of files:  \n• haven-SPSS, Stata, and SAS files  \n• DBI-databases  \n• jsonlite-json  \n• xml2-XML  \n• httr-Web APIs  \n• rvest-HTML (Web Scraping)  \n• readr::read_lines() -text data  \nRead Tabular Data with readr  \n| A | B | C |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | 2 | 3 |\n| 4 | 5 | NA |\n\nread_csv2(\"file2 .csv\") Read semicolon delimited files with comma decimal marks.  \nwrite_file(\"A;B;C\\n1,5;2;3\\n4,5;5;NA\", file = \"file2.csv\")  \nread_tsv(\"file.tsv\") Read a tab delimited file. Also read_table() . read_fwf(\"file.tsv\", fwf_widths(c(2, 2, NA))) Read a fixed width file. write_file(\"A\\tB\\tC\\n1\\t2\\t3\\n4\\t5\\tNA\\n\", file = \"file.tsv\")  \nUSEFUL READ ARGUMENTS  \nNo header  \nread_csv(\"file.csv\", col_names = FALSE)  \nProvide header  \nread_csv(\"file.csv\", col_names = c(\"x\", \"y\", \"z\"))  \nRead multiple files into a single table  \nread_csv(c(“f1.csv”,“f2.csv”,“f3.csv\"), id = \"origin_file\")  \nSkip lines  \nread_csv(\"file.csv\", skip = 1)  \nRead a subset of lines  \nread_csv(\"file.csv\", n_max = 1)  \nRead values as missing  \nread_csv(\"file.csv\", na = c(\"1\"))  \nSpecify decimal marks  \nread_delim(\"file2 . csv\", locale = locale(decimal_mark = \",\"))  \nSave Data with readr  \nwrite_ *(x, file, na = \"NA\", append, col_names, quote, escape, eol, num_threads, progress)  \n\n| A | B | C |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | 2 | 3 |\n| 4 | 5 | NA |\n\nwrite_delim(x, file, delim = \" \") Write files with any delimiter. write_csv(x, file) Write a comma delimited file.  \nwrite_csv2(x, file) Write a semicolon delimited file.  \nwrite_tsv(x, file) Write a tab delimited file.  \nColumn Specification with readr  \nColumn specifications define what data type each column of a file will be imported as. By default readr will generate a column spec when a file is read and output a summary.  \nspec(x) Extract the full column specification for the given imported data frame.  \n\n| spec(x)\u003Cbr>\\# cols(\u003Cbr>\\# age = col_integer(),\u003Cbr>\\# edu = col_character(),\u003Cbr>\\# earn = col_double()\u003Cbr>\\# ) | \u003Cbr>age is an integer |\n| --- | --- |\n\nedu is a  \nearn is a double (numeric) character  \nCOLUMN TYPES  \nEach column type has a function and corresponding string abbreviation.  \n• col_logical() - \"l\"  \n• col_integer() - \"i\"  \n• col_double() - \"d\"  \n• col_number() - \"n\"  \n• col_character() - \"c\"  \n• col_factor(levels, ordered = FALSE) - \"f\"  \n• col_datetime(format = \"\") - \"T\"  \n• col_date(format = \"\") - \"D\"  \n• col_time(format = \"\") - \"t\"  \n• col_skip() - \"-\", \"_ \"  \n• col_guess() - \"?\"  \nUSEFUL COLUMN ARGUMENTS  \nHide col spec message  \nread_ *(file, show_col_types = FALSE)  \nSelect columns to import  \nUse names, position, or selection helpers. read_*(file, col_select = c(age, earn))  \nGuess column types  \nTo guess a column type, read_ *() looks at the first 1000 rows of data. Increase with guess_max. read_ *(file, guess_max = Inf)  \nDEFINE COLUMN SPECIFICATION  \nSet a default type  \nread_csv( file,  \ncol_type = list(.default = col_double()))  \nUse column ","cbCaioarBMuV55bZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioarBMuV55bZ","pdf",416128,2,"English","en",105,"# Import outside data into R\n## Text and delimited files with readr\n## Useful read arguments\n## Save data with readr\n## Column specification and types\n## Import spreadsheets with readxl and googlesheets4\n## Import other data types","[{\"question\":\"How do I import a delimited text file into R with readr?\",\"answer\":\"Use read_delim(file, delim = \\\"|\\\") to specify a delimiter, or omit delim to let readr guess it. The sheet also shows read_csv/read_csv2 for common CSV variants and read_tsv for tab-separated files.\"},{\"question\":\"How can I control missing values, headers, and row skipping when reading files?\",\"answer\":\"Use col_names = FALSE to read without a header, col_names = c(...) to provide your own header, skip = 1 to skip initial lines, n_max to limit rows, and na = c(...) to define missing-value strings.\"},{\"question\":\"How do I define column data types during import?\",\"answer\":\"Use the spec(x) output as a reference, then set col_type in read_csv/read_csv2/read_excel. The cheat sheet shows both list-based type assignment and single-string abbreviations for column types.\"}]","Data Import with readr - Cheatsheet | PDF",1791945040,{"code":4,"msg":75,"data":76},"ok",{"site_id":69,"language":68,"slug":77,"title":59,"keywords":78,"description":60,"schema_data":79,"social_meta":133,"head_meta":135,"extra_data":137,"updated_unix":138},"data-import-with-readr-cheatsheet","",{"@graph":80,"@context":132},[81,96,115],{"@type":82,"itemListElement":83},"BreadcrumbList",[84,88,90,93],{"item":85,"name":86,"@type":87,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":89,"name":10,"@type":87,"position":66},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",{"item":91,"name":11,"@type":87,"position":92},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":94,"name":59,"@type":87,"position":95},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/data-import-with-readr-cheatsheet/573755/",4,{"url":94,"name":59,"@type":97,"image":98,"author":103,"headline":59,"publisher":105,"fileFormat":108,"inLanguage":68,"description":60,"dateModified":109,"datePublished":109,"encodingFormat":108,"isAccessibleForFree":110,"interactionStatistic":111},"DigitalDocument",{"url":99,"@type":100,"width":101,"height":102},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/data-import-with-readr-cheatsheet/573755.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":57,"@type":104},"Person",{"url":85,"name":106,"@type":107},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-14",true,{"@type":112,"interactionType":113,"userInteractionCount":66},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":114},"ViewAction",{"@type":116,"mainEntity":117},"FAQPage",[118,124,128],{"name":119,"@type":120,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How do I import a delimited text file into R with readr?","Question",{"text":122,"@type":123},"Use read_delim(file, delim = \"|\") to specify a delimiter, or omit delim to let readr guess it. The sheet also shows read_csv/read_csv2 for common CSV variants and read_tsv for tab-separated files.","Answer",{"name":125,"@type":120,"acceptedAnswer":126},"How can I control missing values, headers, and row skipping when reading files?",{"text":127,"@type":123},"Use col_names = FALSE to read without a header, col_names = c(...) to provide your own header, skip = 1 to skip initial lines, n_max to limit rows, and na = c(...) to define missing-value strings.",{"name":129,"@type":120,"acceptedAnswer":130},"How do I define column data types during import?",{"text":131,"@type":123},"Use the spec(x) output as a reference, then set col_type in read_csv/read_csv2/read_excel. The cheat sheet shows both list-based type assignment and single-string abbreviations for column types.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":94,"og:type":134,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":106,"og:description":60},"article",{"robots":136,"canonical":94},"index,follow",{"doc_id":55,"site_id":69},1792014849]