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The study conducts a corpus investigation into lexical features of AI-generated texts using vocabulary profiling and measurement tools, including EVP-, GSL-, AWL-word lists and ignore lists. Texts are compared with handbook materials and Key A2 reference texts, with additional comparisons of different AI tools. Results analyze quantitative differences and discuss pedagogical implications, limitations, and directions for further research.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":46,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/paper-templates/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/corpus-investigation-into-lexical-features-of-ai-generated-texts-vocabulary-profiling-for-a2-level-esl-learners/165888/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/corpus-investigation-into-lexical-features-of-ai-generated-texts-vocabulary-profiling-for-a2-level-esl-learners/165888.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Jacob","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-26","2026-08-31",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":76},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"研究的核心问题是什么？","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"研究聚焦于生成式AI生成的文本在词汇层面的特征，并以A2级ESL学习者阅读材料为对象开展语料库调查与比较分析。","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"研究如何测量文本的词汇特征？",{"text":113,"@type":109},"通过词汇画像与测量工具进行分析，使用EVP、GSL、AWL词表以及忽略列表等方法对词汇分布进行统计与对比。",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"研究的比较对象有哪些？",{"text":117,"@type":109},"AI生成文本会与教材手册文本与Key A2参考文本进行比较，同时还比较不同AI工具生成的文本差异。","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},165888,1790292678,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":45,"category_name":46,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":76,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":141},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Using common gen-AI tools to generate reading materials for A2-level ESL learners.\nA CORPUS INVESTIGATION INTO LEXICAL FEATURES OF AI-GENERATED TEXTS\nWord count: 9365\nFirst name: Annelies\nSurname: Pandelaers\nStudent number: 02408201\nSupervisor(s): Prof. Dr. Maribel Montero Perez\nPractice Oriented Educational Research Project (9SP) submitted to Ghent University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Teaching in Languages.\nAcademic year: 2024 – 2025, Master of Teaching\n\u000fTable of Contents\n\u0003Inhoudsopgave\n\u0013TOC \\o \"1-3\" \\h \\z \\u\u0014\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813299\" \u0014Table of Contents\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813299 \\h \u00142\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813300\" \u0014List abbreviations\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813300 \\h \u00146\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813301\" \u0014List of tables and figures\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813301 \\h \u00147\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813302\" \u0014Abstract – English\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813302 \\h \u00148\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813303\" \u0014Abstract – Dutch\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813303 \\h \u00149\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813304\" \u0014Introduction\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813304 \\h \u001410\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813305\" \u0014Literature Review\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813305 \\h \u001411\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813306\" \u0014Evolutions of gen-AI\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813306 \\h \u001411\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813307\" \u0014Defining A2-level\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813307 \\h \u001412\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813308\" \u0014A2-level in Flemish education\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813308 \\h \u001414\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813309\" \u0014Reading comprehension thresholds\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813309 \\h \u001415\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813310\" \u0014Research gaps and research questions\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813310 \\h \u001416\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813311\" \u0014Methodology\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813311 \\h \u001417\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813312\" \u0014Vocabulary profiling and measurement tools\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813312 \\h \u001417\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813313\" \u00141. EVP-lists\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813313 \\h \u001417\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813314\" \u00142. GSL-lists\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813314 \\h \u001418\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813315\" \u00143. AWL-list\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813315 \\h \u001418\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813316\" \u00144. Ignore lists\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813316 \\h \u001418\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813317\" \u0014Corpus design and selection\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813317 \\h \u001419\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813318\" \u0014Key A2:\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813318 \\h \u001419\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813319\" \u0014Handbooks:\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813319 \\h \u001420\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813320\" \u0014AI-based text generation: tools and procedures\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813320 \\h \u001421\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813321\" \u0014Tool selection\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813321 \\h \u001421\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813322\" \u0014Prompt engineering\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813322 \\h \u001421\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813323\" \u0014Challenges with AI-generated texts\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813323 \\h \u001424\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813324\" \u0014Conclusion\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813324 \\h \u001425\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813325\" \u0014Results\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813325 \\h \u001426\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813326\" \u0014Explanation of data points\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813326 \\h \u001426\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813327\" \u0014Comparison of handbook and Key A2 texts versus AI-generated texts\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813327 \\h \u001427\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813328\" \u0014Comparison handbooks only vs AI\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813328 \\h \u001428\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813329\" \u0014Comparison ChatGPT vs Gemini\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813329 \\h \u001428\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813330\" \u0014Summary of key quantitative findings\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813330 \\h \u001429\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813331\" \u0014Conclusion\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813331 \\h \u001430\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813332\" \u0014Discussion\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813332 \\h \u001431\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813333\" \u0014Connection to prior research and theoretical models\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813333 \\h \u001431\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813334\" \u0014Interpretation of findings\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813334 \\h \u001431\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813335\" \u0014AI-tool specific analysis\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813335 \\h \u001432\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813336\" \u0014Practical implications & limitations\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc205813336 \\h \u001433\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc205813337\" \u0014Summary of key insights\t\u0013 ","cbCaidHnXEx2SMMy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidHnXEx2SMMy","docx",1927254,130,"English","# Abstract – English\n# Abstract – Dutch\n# Introduction\n# Literature Review\n## Evolutions of gen-AI\n## Defining A2-level\n## A2-level in Flemish education\n## Reading comprehension thresholds\n## Research gaps and research questions\n# Methodology\n## Vocabulary profiling and measurement tools\n## 1. EVP-lists\n## 2. GSL-lists\n## 3. AWL-list\n## 4. Ignore lists\n## Corpus design and selection\n## Key A2\n## Handbooks\n## AI-based text generation: tools and procedures\n## Tool selection\n## Prompt engineering\n## Challenges with AI-generated texts\n# Results\n# Discussion\n# Conclusion\n# References","[{\"question\":\"研究的核心问题是什么？\",\"answer\":\"研究聚焦于生成式AI生成的文本在词汇层面的特征，并以A2级ESL学习者阅读材料为对象开展语料库调查与比较分析。\"},{\"question\":\"研究如何测量文本的词汇特征？\",\"answer\":\"通过词汇画像与测量工具进行分析，使用EVP、GSL、AWL词表以及忽略列表等方法对词汇分布进行统计与对比。\"},{\"question\":\"研究的比较对象有哪些？\",\"answer\":\"AI生成文本会与教材手册文本与Key A2参考文本进行比较，同时还比较不同AI工具生成的文本差异。\"}]","Corpus investigation into lexical features of AI-generated texts - vocabulary profiling for A2-level ESL learners | DOCX",1788178153,46]