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It identifies the cues that consumers use for each form and, using data from two tourist attractions, shows that these cues yield different effects on the perceived benefits of consuming authenticity. Results also clarify how consumers negotiate reality and 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does the article argue that “authentic” is not well understood in consumer research?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The article notes that although authenticity is commonly mentioned, the meaning of “authentic” has not been sufficiently specified, so important differences among authentic market offerings have not been recognized or examined.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How does the article define two kinds of authenticity?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Using Peirce’s semiotic framework, the article distinguishes authenticity into indexical and iconic forms and focuses on the cues that consumers use to assess each kind.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What do the results from two tourist attractions show?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"The results indicate that the cues associated with indexical and iconic authenticity can influence the benefits consumers derive from authenticity in different 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Martinec\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u0014Author Notes\u0015\nJournal of Consumer Research, Volume 31, Issue 2, September 2004, Pages 296–312, \u0013 HYPERLINK \"https://doi.org/10.1086/422109\" \u0014https://doi.org/10.1086/422109\u0015\nPublished:  01 September 2004\nAbstract\nAlthough consumer demand for authentic market offerings has often been mentioned in consumer research, the meaning of the term “authentic” has not been sufficiently specified. Thus, some important differences among authentic market offerings have not been recognized or examined. This article uses Peirce's semiotic framework to distinguish between two kinds of authenticity—indexical and iconic. We identify the cues that lead to the assessment of each kind, and, based on data collected at two tourist attractions, we show that these cues can have a different influence on the benefits of consuming authenticity. Our results also contribute to an understanding of the negotiation of reality and fantasy as a part of consumption.\nConsumer demand for authenticity has existed for hundreds of years. For example, from the ninth to the eleventh centuries, interest in authentic religious relics in Europe helped to generate significant retail and tourism revenues (Phillips \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141997\u0015). And, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, diversity in consumer standards for authenticity in China created a flourishing market for luxury goods (Clunas \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141992\u0015). Demand for authenticity persists today and is reflected in the purchase of a wide variety of market offerings, including travel souvenirs (Harkin \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141995\u0015), ethnic food (Lu and Fine \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141995\u0015), tickets to historical reconstructions (Handler and Gable \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141997\u0015), and original art (Bentor \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141993\u0015)—not to mention more conventional consumer goods and services such as athletic shoes and brokerage advice (Goldman and Papson \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141996\u0015). In fact, Brown (\u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00142001\u0015) argues that one of modern marketing's central themes is the tension between authenticity and inauthenticity. During the last century, this tension has been intensified by technological advances, which have facilitated the effective simulation of authenticity (Benjamin \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141969\u0015; Halliday \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00142001\u0015; Orvell \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141989\u0015). But, as an Adweek columnist recently noted, despite “all the attempts to fake it as a marketing ploy,” the “appeal of authenticity seems oddly undiminished” (Dolliver \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00142001\u0015, p. 19). In light of authenticity's long-standing, persistent, and contemporary marketplace appeal, it is a potentially significant and interesting topic for consumer researchers.\nMany scholars outside of marketing and consumer research agree that authenticity is an important topic for study. Authenticity has been the focus of several influential works over the past several decades (Anderson \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141990\u0015; Baudrillard \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141983\u0015; Benjamin \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141969\u0015; Boorstin \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141987\u0015; Goodman \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141976\u0015; MacCannell \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141999\u0015; Trilling \u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141972\u0015) and has been identified by a number of scholars as a pivotal attribute of contemporary life. For example, Lowenthal (\u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141992\u0015, p. 184) suggests that “the cult of authenticity pervades modern life,” and Jacknis (\u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141990\u0015, p. 9) says that “authenticity is a general preoccupation of modern western culture.” Similarly, MacCannell (\u0013 HYPERLINK \"javascript:;\" \u00141999\u0015, p. 145) calls the dialectics of authen","cbCaiqhyMSQUsTuN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqhyMSQUsTuN","docx",76421,38,"English","# Abstract\n## Authenticity as a Market Concept\n## Semiotic Distinctions: Indexical vs Iconic Authenticity\n## Consumer Cues and Their Effects\n## Negotiating Reality and Fantasy in Consumption","[{\"question\":\"Why does the article argue that “authentic” is not well understood in consumer research?\",\"answer\":\"The article notes that although authenticity is commonly mentioned, the meaning of “authentic” has not been sufficiently specified, so important differences among authentic market offerings have not been recognized or examined.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article define two kinds of authenticity?\",\"answer\":\"Using Peirce’s semiotic framework, the article distinguishes authenticity into indexical and iconic forms and focuses on the cues that consumers use to assess each kind.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results from two tourist attractions show?\",\"answer\":\"The results indicate that the cues associated with indexical and iconic authenticity can influence the benefits consumers derive from authenticity in different ways.\"}]","Consumer Perceptions of Iconicity and Indexicality and Their Influence on Assessments of Authentic Market Offerings | DOCX",13]