[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-199897-105":53,"doc-detail-199897-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":120,"head_meta":122,"extra_data":124,"updated_unix":126},105,"en","consensus-on-methodology-of-experimental-studies-in-rhinosinusitis-a-narrative-review","Consensus on Methodology of Experimental Studies in Rhinosinusitis - A Narrative Review","","Rhinosinusitis is a prevalent disease requiring antibiotic treatment and imposing substantial health and economic burdens. This narrative review compiles and analyzes published experimental research to develop practical sinusitis models. Data from 786 studies published between 1996 and 2016 were collected from PubMed, Pro Quest Central, and Google using defined animal-model and disease-related keywords. The review summarizes commonly used animals, key considerations for model design, and relevant pathogenic agents to guide more useful future studies.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/consensus-on-methodology-of-experimental-studies-in-rhinosinusitis-a-narrative-review/199897/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/consensus-on-methodology-of-experimental-studies-in-rhinosinusitis-a-narrative-review/199897.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"WPS_1786070896","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-11","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"What was the goal of this narrative review on rhinosinusitis experimental studies?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"To determine the best sinusitis model by reviewing multiple published experimental studies and synthesizing how models are designed and executed.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"How were the studies selected for the review, and how many papers were included?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"The review searched PubMed, Pro Quest Central, and Google using keywords related to sinusitis/rhinosinusitis and experimental animal models, yielding 786 papers from 1996 to 2016.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which animals are commonly used to model rhinosinusitis, and why?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"Rats, mice, and rabbits are used; rabbits are the most frequently used. They are chosen because their sinonasal anatomy and physiology are similar to humans.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},199897,1788507325,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":136,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":137,"language":138,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":126,"read_time":76},549768072016,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Consensus on methodology of experimental studies in rhinosinusitis – a narrative review  \nE. ESKI1, C. CINGI2, N. BAYAR MULUK3  \n1ENT Department, Baskent University, Izmir Zubeyde Hanim Hospital, Izmir, Turkey  \n2 ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey  \n3 ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey  \nAbstract. Rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases today. Among diseases requiring treatment with antibiotics, it is the fifth most common. Acute rhinosinusitis is a significant medical problem that can significantly lower quality of life and can cause a large economic impact on society.  \nHerein, we collected and analyzed data from several published studies regarding sinusitis with the aim of creating a sinusitis model. We included data from 786 studies published between 1996 and 2016 that came up on Google, Pro Quest Central or PubMed using the following keywords (or combinations thereof): “sinusitis”, “rhinosinusitis”,“experimental”,“animal”,“model”,“rat”,“rabbit”,“guinea pig” and “mice”.  \nAn appropriate sinusitis model must be established using the correct animal. Thus far, sinusitis models have been published in rats, mice, and rabbits, with rabbits being the most frequently used animal. These animals are used because the anatomy and physiology of their sinuses are very similar to those of humans. While these animals can be used in surgical models, it must be noted that prolonged stress can cause them high mortality rates. Several studies have used strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to induce rhinosinusitis; however, it has recently been shown that other pathogenic agents can be used for this purpose as well.  \nIn this review, we presented several experimental sinusitis models in rats, mice, and rabbits. We hope that by presenting these methods, researchers may be better able to design and perform more useful sinusitis studies.  \nKey Words:  \nRhinosinusitis, Animal model, Rats, Mice, Rabbits.  \nIntroduction  \nAcute rhinosinusitis is an important disease that significantly decreases quality of life and has high economic impact on society1,2 . Although  \nthere have been several studies published regarding rhinosinusitis, it is still the fifth-most prevalent disease requiring antibiotic treatment3,4 . It is estimated that nearly 25 million people are afflicted with sinusitis every year in the United States alone, its treatment requires the collaboration of both general practitioners and otorhinolaryngologists. Because of its high prevalence and need for treatment by specialists, its economic impact is quite high5,6 .  \nWhile it is estimated that the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) are quite high, it is hard to determine how many people are actually affected, some treat the symptoms on their own, without seeking help from a physician. It is estimated that 9% of all pediatric antibiotic prescriptions and 21% of adult prescriptions in the United States are for the treatment of rhinosinusitis; this adds up to approximately $150 million in prescriptions for sinusitis alone6-8.  \nSeveral recent reviews9 indicate that the innate immune system may play a role in the development of acute rhinosinusitis; because there was a significant difference in TLR9 expression in patients with allergic sinusitis when compared with patients with only allergies10. In addition, several recent studies11 have shown that various PRRs, especially NOD-like receptors (NLRs), play a role in inflammation of the respiratory tract.  \nNLRs can interact with other proteins to form ‘E protein’ complexes, known as inflammasomes12 ; NLR inflammasomes can lead to the activation of procaspase-1, which causes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL- 1β and IL-18)3,13 .  \nBacteria are typically used to cause sinusitis in animal models. However, some models14 use parasites, including pulmonary aspergillosis and noninvasive fun","cbCairvVAPYmcTaR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairvVAPYmcTaR","pdf",375003,8,7,"English","# Methodology of the Review\n## Which Animal is Used in Sinusitis: Rat, Guinea Pig, Mice or Rabbit?","[{\"question\":\"What was the goal of this narrative review on rhinosinusitis experimental studies?\",\"answer\":\"To determine the best sinusitis model by reviewing multiple published experimental studies and synthesizing how models are designed and executed.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the studies selected for the review, and how many papers were included?\",\"answer\":\"The review searched PubMed, Pro Quest Central, and Google using keywords related to sinusitis/rhinosinusitis and experimental animal models, yielding 786 papers from 1996 to 2016.\"},{\"question\":\"Which animals are commonly used to model rhinosinusitis, and why?\",\"answer\":\"Rats, mice, and rabbits are used; rabbits are the most frequently used. They are chosen because their sinonasal anatomy and physiology are similar to humans.\"}]","Consensus on Methodology of Experimental Studies in Rhinosinusitis - A Narrative Review | PDF"]