[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-280045-105":53,"doc-detail-280045-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","congratulation-and-positive-politeness-strategies-in-iranian-context","Congratulation and Positive Politeness Strategies in Iranian Context","","The study investigates congratulation as a speech act using Elwood’s (2004) taxonomy and identifies the verbal strategies Iranian Persian speakers use when offering congratulations. It applies a modified version of Brown and Levinson’s politeness model (1987) to examine positive politeness strategies within congratulatory responses. Data from fifty informants, collected via a discourse completion test with nine happy-news situations, show frequent use of IFID, offers of good wishes, and expressions of happiness.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/congratulation-and-positive-politeness-strategies-in-iranian-context/280045/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/congratulation-and-positive-politeness-strategies-in-iranian-context/280045.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Ava Thompson","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-21","2026-09-16",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":73},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What framework is used to analyze congratulation strategies in the study?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The study analyzes congratulation using Elwood’s (2004) taxonomy and examines politeness through a modified version of Brown and Levinson’s (1987) model.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How was the data collected for the research?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Fifty informants completed a discourse completion test containing nine situations related to happy news.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which congratulation strategy types were most frequently used?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"The most used types were IFID, offers of good wishes, and expressions of happiness.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},280045,1790001267,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":73,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":76},1649267921044,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1800007509477c92dfb?_k=1786009248482753345","Congratulation and Positive Politeness Strategies  \nin Iranian Context  \nHamid Allami  \nEnglish Dept, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran  \n[Email: hamid_allami@yahoo.com](Email: hamid_allami@yahoo.com)  \nMaryam Nekouzadeh  \nEnglish Dept, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran  \nAbstract—The present study investigated the nature of the speech act of congratulation in terms of the Taxonomy proposed by Elwood (2004), representing the basic verbal strategies used by Iranian Persian speakers in offering congratulations. Based on the modified version of Brown and Levinson’s model of politeness (1987), it further explored the positive politeness strategies in the congratulation speech act. Fifty informants filled in a discourse completion test, consisting of 9 situations related to happy news. The analysis of the data revealed that the mostly used types of congratulation strategies were “Illocutionary Force Indicating Devise (IFID)”, “Offer of good wishes” and “Expression of happiness”. Regarding the positive politeness strategies the result was indicative of the fact that Iranian people mostly made use of the strategies“Giving gift to listener”,“Exaggeration” and “In-group identity marker” when responding to other’s happy news.  \nIndex Terms—sociopragmatics, speech acts of congratulation, commiseration, Persian  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nWhen something good happens to a person, it is common for others to express positively their ideas and feelings about it. It is considered a sign of jealousy if the other person who hears the good news doesn‟t show or express his/her pleasure on what has happened to the addressee. In a situation of happy news speakers mostly try to show their happiness by saying “congratulations‟‟, however, the patterns and expressions they use to express congratulations may vary in different situation (Elwood, 2004) .  \nCongratulation is classified as an expressive speech act by which the speaker expresses his feelings and emotions towards the hearer (Searl, 1976) . It is an act which is desirable to the person who has achieved something, showing the speaker‟s happiness. When someone congratulates, he/she shows that he/she shares in the other's joy.  \nAccording to Searl (1969 . p. 67) there are the following rules for congratulation:  \n1) There is some event that is related to the hearer.  \n2) The event is in the hearer‟s interest and the speaker believes the event.  \n3) The speaker is pleased at the event.  \n4) It counts as an expression of pleasure at the event.  \nTriantafyllides (1941, cited in Marki-Tsilipako, 2001) considers congratulation as an exclamatory expression which functions as a wish. Marki-Tsilipakon (2001) has stated that congratulation is the expression of speaker‟s joy and praise on a pleasurable event. Leech (1983, p. 106) classifies congratulation as “convivial” in terms of politeness, by which he means the type of illocutionary function which while expressing “the illocutionary goals coincide with the social goal.”According to him these expressions are “intrinsically polite”. Furthermore, congratulation is associated with the approbation and modesty maxims proposed by Leech (1983 , p. 132) . According to approbation maxims, the speaker should minimize dispraise ofthe addressee and maximize the praise ofthe addressee while the modesty maxim requires that the speaker minimize the praise of himself and maximize the dispraise of himself. Thus by congratulating the speaker maximizes the praise ofthe addressee.  \nOn the other hand, the speech act of congratulation can be associated with the notion of face and politeness. Orecchioni (2004, 2005, cited in Barthes, 2006) argues that congratulation as an expressive speech act is directly linked to positive politeness and is a face saving act since it aims at enhancing the addressee‟s positive face.  \nThe present study is an attempt at a detailed analysis of the patterns and linguistic forms that Iranian people use to offer congratulation in different situations. It further inve","cbCaifqoCsZjbFwD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifqoCsZjbFwD","pdf",478673,7,"English","# Introduction\n# Literature Review\n# Method and Data Collection\n# Analysis of Congratulation Strategies\n# Positive Politeness Strategies","[{\"question\":\"What framework is used to analyze congratulation strategies in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzes congratulation using Elwood’s (2004) taxonomy and examines politeness through a modified version of Brown and Levinson’s (1987) model.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the data collected for the research?\",\"answer\":\"Fifty informants completed a discourse completion test containing nine situations related to happy news.\"},{\"question\":\"Which congratulation strategy types were most frequently used?\",\"answer\":\"The most used types were IFID, offers of good wishes, and expressions of happiness.\"}]","Congratulation and Positive Politeness Strategies in Iranian Context | PDF",1789532428]