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It also summarizes file and directory operations (rm, mv, cp, touch), Unix permissions and ownership (chmod, chown with numeric modes), searching across files (find, grep), basic networking (ping, whois, curl, ssh, scp), and process management (ps, top, kill), plus practical productivity tips (help, Ctrl/Tab/arrow keys, ~ home paths).",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/command-line-cheat-sheet-version-control/572971/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/command-line-cheat-sheet-version-control/572971.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"pixelkiddo","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"How do you view the current working directory and list files in the terminal?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Use pwd to display the current path. Use ls to list directory contents and ls -la to list detailed contents, including hidden files.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How can you redirect or combine command output to files or other commands?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Use > to direct output into a file and >> to append. Use | to pipe output from one command into another.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What do chmod and chown do, and how are numeric permission values interpreted?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"chmod changes permissions (e.g., 755 for owner rwx and group/others rx). chown changes ownership with a user:group target (add-R to include directory contents).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},572971,1792242018,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":47,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":73,"language":135,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":136,"faqs":137,"seo_title":138,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":139,"read_time":9},962090883892,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e00115db34f3e0f11b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790152879550218658","COMMAND LINE CHEAT SHEET  \npresented by TOWER › Version control with Git-made easy  \nDIRECTORIES  \n$ pwd  \nDisplay path of current working directory  \n$ cd \u003Cdirectory>  \nChange directory to \u003Cdirectory>  \n$ cd ..  \nNavigate to parent directory  \n$ ls  \nList directory contents  \n$ ls -la  \nList detailed directory contents, including hidden files  \n$ mkdir \u003Cdirectory>  \nCreate new directory named \u003Cdirectory>  \nOUTPUT  \n$ cat \u003Cfile>  \nOutput the contents of \u003Cfile>  \n$ less \u003Cfile>  \nOutput the contents of \u003Cfile> using the less command (which supports pagination etc.)  \n$ head \u003Cfile>  \nOutput the first 10 lines of \u003Cfile>  \n$ \u003Ccmd> > \u003Cfile>  \nDirect the output of \u003Ccmd> into \u003Cfile>  \n$ \u003Ccmd> >> \u003Cfile>  \nAppend the output of \u003Ccmd> to \u003Cfile>  \n$ \u003Ccmd1> | \u003Ccmd2>  \nDirect the output of \u003Ccmd1> to \u003Ccmd2>  \n$ clear  \nClear the command line window  \nFILES  \n$ rm \u003Cfile>  \nDelete \u003Cfile>  \n$ rm -r \u003Cdirectory>  \nDelete \u003Cdirectory>  \n$ rm -f \u003Cfile>  \nForce-delete \u003Cfile> (add-r to forcedelete a directory)  \n$ mv \u003Cfile-old> \u003Cfile-new>  \nRename \u003Cfile-old> to \u003Cfile-new>  \n$ mv \u003Cfile> \u003Cdirectory>  \nMove \u003Cfile> to \u003Cdirectory> (possibly overwriting an existing file)  \n$ cp \u003Cfile> \u003Cdirectory>  \nCopy \u003Cfile> to \u003Cdirectory> (possibly overwriting an existing file)  \n$ cp -r \u003Cdirectory1>\u003Cdirectory2>  \nCopy \u003Cdirectory1> and its contents to \u003Cdirectory2> (possibly overwriting files in an existing directory)  \n$ touch \u003Cfile>  \nUpdate file access & modification time (and create \u003Cfile> if it doesn’t exist)  \nPERMISSIONS  \n$ chmod 755 \u003Cfile>  \nChange permissions of \u003Cfile> to 755  \n$ chmod -R 600 \u003Cdirectory>  \nChange permissions of \u003Cdirectory> (and its contents) to 600  \n$ chown \u003Cuser>:\u003Cgroup> \u003Cfile>  \nChange ownership of \u003Cfile> to \u003Cuser> and \u003Cgroup> (add-R to include a directory’s contents)  \nSEARCH  \n$ find \u003Cdir> -name \"\u003Cfile>\"  \nFind all files named \u003Cfile> inside \u003Cdir>(use wildcards [ *] to search for parts of filenames, e. g. \"file.*\")  \n$ grep \"\u003Ctext>\" \u003Cfile>  \nOutput all occurrences of \u003Ctext> inside \u003Cfile> (add-i for case-insensitivity)  \n$ grep -rl \"\u003Ctext>\" \u003Cdir>  \nSearch for all files containing \u003Ctext> inside \u003Cdir>  \nNETWORK  \n$ ping \u003Chost>  \nPing \u003Chost> and display status  \n$ whois \u003Cdomain>  \nOutput whois information for \u003Cdomain>  \n$ curl -O \u003Curl/to/file>  \nDownload \u003Cfile> (via [HTTP](HTTP) [S] or FTP)  \n$ ssh \u003Cusername>@\u003Chost>  \nEstablish an SSH connection to \u003Chost> with user \u003Cusername>  \n$ scp \u003Cfile>  \n\u003Cuser>@\u003Chost>:/remote/path  \nCopy \u003Cfile> to a remote \u003Chost>  \nPROCESSES  \n$ ps ax  \nOutput currently running processes  \n$ top  \nDisplay live information about currently running processes  \n$ kill \u003Cpid>  \nQuit process with ID \u003Cpid>  \n30-day free trial available at   \n[www.git-tower.com](www.git-tower.com Version)[ Version](www.git-tower.com Version) control with Git -made easy  \nCOMMAND LINE TIPS & TRICKS  \npresented by TOWER › Version control with Git-made easy  \nGETTING HELP  \nOn the command line, help is always at hand: you can either type man \u003Ccommand> | or  \u003Ccommand> --help to receive detailed documentation about the command in question.  \nFILE PERMISSIONS  \nOn Unix systems, file permissions are set using three digits: the first one representing the permissions for the owning user, the second one for its group, and the third one for anyone else.  \nAdd up the desired access rights for each digit as following:  \n 4  — access/read (r)  \n 2  — modify/write (w)  \n 1  — execute (x)  \nFor example, 755  means “rwx” for owner and “rx” for both group and anyone.  740 | represents “rwx” for owner, “r” for group and no rights for other users.  \nCOMBINING COMMANDS  \nIf you plan to run a series of commands after another, it might be useful to combine them instead of waiting for each command to finish before typing the next one . To do so, simply separate the commands with a semicolon ( ; ) on the same line.  \nAdditionally, it is possble to execute a command only if its predecessor produces a certain result. Code placed after the && | operator will only be run if the p","cbCaiev4oTOyzD4B","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiev4oTOyzD4B","pdf",170800,"English","# Directories\n# Output\n# Files\n# Permissions\n# Search\n# Network\n# Processes\n# Command Line Tips & Tricks\n## Getting Help\n## File Permissions\n## Combining Commands\n## The “CTRL” Key\n## The “TAB” Key\n## The Arrow Keys\n## Home Folder","[{\"question\":\"How do you view the current working directory and list files in the terminal?\",\"answer\":\"Use pwd to display the current path. Use ls to list directory contents and ls -la to list detailed contents, including hidden files.\"},{\"question\":\"How can you redirect or combine command output to files or other commands?\",\"answer\":\"Use \\u003e to direct output into a file and \\u003e\\u003e to append. Use | to pipe output from one command into another.\"},{\"question\":\"What do chmod and chown do, and how are numeric permission values interpreted?\",\"answer\":\"chmod changes permissions (e.g., 755 for owner rwx and group/others rx). chown changes ownership with a user:group target (add-R to include directory contents).\"}]","Command-Line Cheat Sheet - Version Control | PDF",1791930314]