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Includes surveying essentials like benchmark/backsight/height-of-instrument relationships, level looping, and stake reading with section-grade and section-lenker rods, followed by proration computations and common construction abbreviations.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/","Template",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/","Presentations",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/cheat-sheet-2023-construction-math-surveying-formulas/571701/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cheat-sheet-2023-construction-math-surveying-formulas/571701.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Asher","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-18","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":22},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What are the key unit conversion formulas in this cheat sheet?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"It provides conversions between inches and decimal feet, including examples like 8”-8/12 and 0.25’ to inches. It also lists area and volume quantity formulas for square feet/yards and cubic feet/yards.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How does the sheet calculate grade or slope using rise and run?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"It uses rise/run relationships (FT/FT) without rounding, and includes percent conversions using %/100 = FT/FT. It also states RUN/RISE as a slope ratio.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How are benchmark and backsight readings used in surveying?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"It gives the core leveling relationships: BM ± BS relates to HI (height of instrument) and HI/FS produces elevations (EL). It further explains converting rod readings into FG/SG values for stake reading examples.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},571701,1792338277,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,92,97,102,107,112,117,122],{"id":84,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},11,90,"presentations",{"id":88,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":93,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":98,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":103,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},16,"Social 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FEET  \u003Cbr>8”-8/12 =0.666 =0.67'  \u003Cbr>1/4”-1/4 =/12=0.020 =0.02'  \u003Cbr>8-1/4”-1/4 =+8=/12 =0.687=0.69'   |  |  |  | \"GOLD\"EN RULES  \u003Cbr>RISE /RUN =FT/FT(NEVER ROUND)  \u003Cbr>%/100 =FT/FT(NEVER ROUND)  \u003Cbr>FT/FT X 100 =%  \u003Cbr>RUN /RISE =SLOPE RATIO   |  |  |  |\n| CONVERT DECIMAL FEET TO INCHES  \u003Cbr>0.25’=0.25×12 =3”   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| BASIC QUANTITIES  \u003Cbr>FEET X FEET =SQUARE FEET(SQ FT)  \u003Cbr>SQ FT/9=SQUARE YARDS(SQ YDS)  \u003Cbr>FEET X FEET X FEET =CUBIC FEET(CU FT)  \u003Cbr>CU FT/27 =CUBIC YARDS(CU YDS)   |  |  |  | STATIONING  \u003Cbr>EXAMPLES-16+45 &14+50  \u003Cbr>1645.00-1450.00 =195.00’APART  \u003Cbr>NEGATIVE OFFSET =LEFT &POSITIVE OFFSET =RIGHT   |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  | FG CUT/FILLS TO SUBGRADE  \u003Cbr>SECTION +CUT =TOTAL CUT  \u003Cbr>POSITIVE_\\#=CUT  \u003Cbr>SECTION -FILL =  \u003Cbr>NEGATIVE\"\\#=FILL   |  |  |  |\n| A²+B²=C²  \u003Cbr>(28 ×28)+(30 ×30)  \u003Cbr>784 +900 =1684  \u003Cbr>√1684 =C=41.04'   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  | SURVEYING  \u003Cbr>1 ACRE =43560 SQ FT(66’×660')  \u003Cbr>640 ACRES IN A SECTION  \u003Cbr>SECTION DIMENSION -1 MILE X1 MILE  \u003Cbr>36 SECTIONS PER TOWNSHIP  \u003Cbr>TOWNSHIP DIMENSION -6 MILE X6 MILE   |  |  |  |\n| INCHES &DECIMAL FEET  \u003Cbr>12 INCHES OR 96 EIGHTHS PER FOOT  \u003Cbr>10 TENTHS OR 100 HUNDREDTHS PER FOOT  \u003Cbr>5280 FEET-1 MILE   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| BENCHMARK(BM)±BACKSIGHT(BS)三HEIGHT OF INSTRUMENT(HI)  \u003Cbr>LEVEL LOOPING  \u003Cbr>HI-FORESIGHT(FS)=ELEVATION(EL)  \u003Cbr>HI-EL =FORESIGHT ROD READING   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Stake Reading with Section-Grade Rod   |  |  | ROD  \u003Cbr>READING  \u003Cbr>ON HUB(RR)   |  | RR+CUT  \u003Cbr>RR-FILL  \u003Cbr>=FG RR   | FG RR  \u003Cbr>+Section  \u003Cbr>=SG RR   | SG RR二  \u003Cbr>GROUND RR三  \u003Cbr>(十Cut   |\n| Example   | STAKE INFO  \u003Cbr>F-1.56  \u003Cbr>To FG   | SECTION THICKNESS  \u003Cbr>4”Concrete  \u003Cbr>4”Sand   | 5.06   |  | (5.06-1.56)  \u003Cbr>3.50   | (3.50+0.67)  \u003Cbr>4.17   | (4.17-5.25)  \u003Cbr>F-1.08   |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Stake Reading with Section-Lenker Rod   |  |  | ROD  \u003Cbr>READING  \u003Cbr>ON HUB(RR)   |  | RR-CUT  \u003Cbr>RR+FILL  \u003Cbr>三FG RR   | FG RR  \u003Cbr>一Section  \u003Cbr>=SG RR   |  |\n| Example   | STAKE INFO  \u003Cbr>F-1.56  \u003Cbr>To FG   | SECTION THICKNESS  \u003Cbr>4”Concrete  \u003Cbr>4”Sand   | 3.72   |  | (3.72+1.56)  \u003Cbr>5.28   | (5.28-0.67)  \u003Cbr>4.61   | (3.51-4.61)  \u003Cbr>F-1.10 SG   |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| PRORATION  \u003Cbr>=35×60 =/100 =21 STEPS   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| =14 ×1 =/4=X=3.5’RISE   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| =5×4 =/1 =X=20’RUN  \u003Cbr>20×2(SIDES)=+DITCH BOTTOM =TOTAL TRENCH   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n\n1  \n●●●●●  ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●  \n# Common Abbreviations\n\nBC/PCBegin Curve·⑤or 0/SOffsetBMBench Mark·  PIPoint of IntersectionCenterline·  PLProperty LineCCut·  RADRadius PointCPCatch Point·R/WRight-of-WayEC/PTFnd Curve·  SGSub GradeELElevation·  SSSlope StakeFFill·  STAStationFGFinished Grade·  TBMTemporary Bench MarkFLFlow Line·  TCTop of CurbHPHigh Point·  TOEToe of SlopeINVInvert of Drain·  TOPTop of SlopeL/0Line Only·  TPTurning PointMHManhole·  TBCTop Back of Curb  \n4  \n\n|  | 2   | 6ms3   | URANYCoe   |  | 6  \u003Cbr>NYLON COAT   | 7   | 8   | 9  \u003Cbr>1   | 0   |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2   | 5  \u003Cbr>.2   | 0ths-100hs  \u003Cbr>1111   |  | 5  \u003Cbr>Engineers   |  | .6   | .7   | .8   | .9   |  |","cbCaiiYw7kGCNljO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiYw7kGCNljO","pdf",372347,"English","# Common Abbreviations\n## Construction Math & Unit Conversions\n## Grade, Slope, and Quantities\n## Stationing and Offsets\n## Surveying Concepts and Stake Reading\n## Proration Calculations","[{\"question\":\"What are the key unit conversion formulas in this cheat sheet?\",\"answer\":\"It provides conversions between inches and decimal feet, including examples like 8”-8/12 and 0.25’ to inches. It also lists area and volume quantity formulas for square feet/yards and cubic feet/yards.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the sheet calculate grade or slope using rise and run?\",\"answer\":\"It uses rise/run relationships (FT/FT) without rounding, and includes percent conversions using %/100 = FT/FT. It also states RUN/RISE as a slope ratio.\"},{\"question\":\"How are benchmark and backsight readings used in surveying?\",\"answer\":\"It gives the core leveling relationships: BM ± BS relates to HI (height of instrument) and HI/FS produces elevations (EL). It further explains converting rod readings into FG/SG values for stake reading examples.\"}]","Cheat-Sheet - 2023 - Construction Math & Surveying Formulas | PDF",1791923243]