[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-171860-105":53,"doc-detail-171860-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","capital-volume-iii-the-process-of-capitalist-production-as-a-whole","Capital - Volume III - The Process of Capitalist Production as a Whole","","Capital, Volume III examines the process of capitalist production as a whole by tracing how surplus-value moves into profit and how the rate of profit relates to changes in wages, prices, turnover, and capital composition. It develops the conversion of values into prices of production, explains the general rate of profit formed through competition, and analyzes the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall alongside key counteracting influences. The work further covers commercial and money-dealing capital, merchant’s capital turnover, and the division of profit into interest and enterprise profit.",{"@graph":63,"@context":123},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/capital-volume-iii-the-process-of-capitalist-production-as-a-whole/171860/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/capital-volume-iii-the-process-of-capitalist-production-as-a-whole/171860.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Jordan Avery","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-27","2026-09-01",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115,119],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"What is the main focus of Capital, Volume III?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"It analyzes the process of capitalist production as a whole, showing how surplus-value turns into profit and how the rate of surplus-value connects to the rate of profit.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"How does Volume III explain profit becoming an average profit?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"It presents how different capitals in different branches yield different rates of profit, then shows how a general (average) rate of profit forms through competition, transforming values into prices of production.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What does the book say about the tendency of the rate of profit to fall?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"It formulates the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall and discusses internal contradictions and specific counteracting influences such as exploitation intensity, wages, constant capital costs, and related dynamics.",{"name":120,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How are commercial capital and interest treated in this volume?",{"text":122,"@type":110},"The volume covers merchant’s capital and money-dealing capital, including turnover and prices, and then examines interest-bearing capital, explaining how profit is divided into interest and profit of enterprise.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":125,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":56},171860,1788287392,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145},1099523882367,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Karl Marx\nCapital\u000bA Critique of Political Economy\nVolume III\u000bThe Process of Capitalist Production as a Whole\nEdited by Friedrich Engels\nWritten: Karl Marx, 1863-1883, edited by Friedrick Engels and completed by him 11 years after Marx's death;\u000bSource: Institute of Marxism-Leninism, USSR, 1959;\u000bPublisher: International Publishers, NY, [n.d.]\u000bFirst Published: 1894;\u000bOn-Line Version: Marx.org 1996, Marxists.org 1999;\u000bTranscribed: in 1996 by Hinrich Kuhls, Dave Walters and Zodiac, and by Tim Delaney and M. Griffin in 1999;HTML Markup: Zodiac 1996, Tim Delaney and M. Griffin in 1999;\u000bProofed and Corrected: by Chris Clayton 2006-7, Mark Harris 2010.\nTable of Contents\n\u0013 TOC \u0014\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__20_694545637\" \u0014Preface (Engels, 1894)\t5\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__22_694545637\" \u0014Part I. The Conversion of Surplus-Value into Profit and of the Rate of Surplus-Value into the Rate of Profit\t19\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__142_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 1. Cost-Price and Profit\t19\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__144_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 2. The Rate of Profit\t27\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__146_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 3. The Relation of the Rate of Profit to the Rate of Surplus-Value\t32\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__148_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 4. The Effect of the Turnover on the Rate of Profit\t45\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__150_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 5. Economy in the Employment of Constant Capital\t49\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__152_694545637\" \u0014I. In General\t49\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__154_694545637\" \u0014II. Savings In Labour Conditions At The Expense Of The Labourers.\t55\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__156_694545637\" \u0014III. Economy In The Generation And Transmission Of Power, And In Buildings\t64\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__158_694545637\" \u0014IV. Utilisation Of The Excretions Of Production\t70\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__160_694545637\" \u0014V. Economy Through Inventions\t73\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__162_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 6. The Effect of Price Fluctuation\t75\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__164_694545637\" \u0014I. Fluctuations in the Price of Raw Materials, and their Direct Effects on the Rate of Profit\t75\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__166_694545637\" \u0014II. Appreciation, Depreciation, Release And Tie-Up Of Capital\t78\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__168_694545637\" \u0014III. General Illustration. The Cotton Crisis Of 1861-65\t87\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__170_694545637\" \u0014Experiments in corpore vili\t103\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__172_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 7. Supplementary Remarks\t106\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__24_694545637\" \u0014Part II. Conversion of Profit into Average Profit\t108\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__174_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 8. Different Compositions of Capitals in Different Branches of Production and Resulting Differences in Rates of Profit\t108\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__176_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 9. Formation of a General Rate of Profit (Average Rate of Profit) and Transformation of the Values of Commodities into Prices of Production\t115\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__178_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 10. Equalisation of the General Rate of Profit Through Competition.\u000bMarket-Prices and Market-Values. Surplus-Profit\t127\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__180_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 11. Effects of General Wage Fluctuations on Prices of Production\t142\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__182_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 12. Supplementary Remarks\t145\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__184_694545637\" \u0014I. Causes Implying a Change in the Price of Production\t145\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__186_694545637\" \u0014II. Price of Production of Commodities of Average Composition\t146\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__188_694545637\" \u0014III. The Capitalist's Grounds for Compensating\t146\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__26_694545637\" \u0014Part III. The Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall\t149\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__190_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 13. The Law As Such\t149\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__192_694545637\" \u0014Chapter 14. Counteracting Influences\t161\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"__RefHeading__","cbCaim8xUitoH8RH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim8xUitoH8RH","docx",1269554,588,"English","# Preface\n# Part I. The Conversion of Surplus-Value into Profit and of the Rate of Surplus-Value into the Rate of Profit\n## Chapter 1. Cost-Price and Profit\n## Chapter 2. The Rate of Profit\n## Chapter 3. The Relation of the Rate of Profit to the Rate of Surplus-Value\n## Chapter 4. The Effect of the Turnover on the Rate of Profit\n## Chapter 5. Economy in the Employment of Constant Capital\n## Chapter 6. The Effect of Price Fluctuation\n## Chapter 7. Supplementary Remarks\n# Part II. Conversion of Profit into Average Profit\n## Chapter 8. Different Compositions of Capitals in Different Branches of Production and Resulting Differences in Rates of Profit\n## Chapter 9. Formation of a General Rate of Profit (Average Rate of Profit) and Transformation of the Values of Commodities into Prices of Production\n## Chapter 10. Equalisation of the General Rate of Profit Through Competition. Market-Prices and Market-Values. Surplus-Profit\n## Chapter 11. Effects of General Wage Fluctuations on Prices of Production\n## Chapter 12. Supplementary Remarks\n# Part III. The Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall\n## Chapter 13. The Law As Such\n## Chapter 14. Counteracting Influences\n## Chapter 15. Exposition of the Internal Contradictions of the Law\n# Part IV. Conversion of Commodity-Capital and Money-Capital into Commercial Capital and Money-Dealing Capital (Merchant's Capital)\n## Chapter 16. Commercial Capital\n## Chapter 17. Commercial Profit\n## Chapter 18. The Turnover of Merchant's Capital. Prices.\n## Chapter 19. Money-Dealing Capital\n## Chapter 20. Historical Facts about Merchant's Capital\n# Part V. Division of Profit into Interest and Profit of Enterprise. Interest-Bearing Capital\n## Chapter 21. Interest-Bearing Capital\n## Chapter 22. Division of Profit. Rate of Interest. Natural Rate of Interest.","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of Capital, Volume III?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes the process of capitalist production as a whole, showing how surplus-value turns into profit and how the rate of surplus-value connects to the rate of profit.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Volume III explain profit becoming an average profit?\",\"answer\":\"It presents how different capitals in different branches yield different rates of profit, then shows how a general (average) rate of profit forms through competition, transforming values into prices of production.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the book say about the tendency of the rate of profit to fall?\",\"answer\":\"It formulates the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall and discusses internal contradictions and specific counteracting influences such as exploitation intensity, wages, constant capital costs, and related dynamics.\"},{\"question\":\"How are commercial capital and interest treated in this volume?\",\"answer\":\"The volume covers merchant’s capital and money-dealing capital, including turnover and prices, and then examines interest-bearing capital, explaining how profit is divided into interest and profit of enterprise.\"}]","Capital - Volume III - The Process of Capitalist Production as a Whole | DOCX",206]