[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-194486-105":53,"doc-detail-194486-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","business-models-for-early-generation-seed-product-wageningen-university-and-research","Business Models for Early-Generation Seed Product - Wageningen University and Research","","Overview of business models used for early-generation seed products, comparing institutional setups across multiple countries. The material analyzes crops handled, seed types (breeder and foundation), geographic coverage, and production approaches such as own production and out-grower schemes. It also documents pre-order or ordering systems, cash-flow strategies including advances and revolving funds, and the financial and legal status of participating institutions (public, public-private, or private).",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/business-models-for-early-generation-seed-product-wageningen-university-and-research/194486/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/business-models-for-early-generation-seed-product-wageningen-university-and-research/194486.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Caleb Sterling","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-03","2026-09-03",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"Which seed types are addressed in the business model comparison?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The comparison focuses on breeder seed and foundation seed. Several institutions handle both categories, while others primarily provide foundation seed.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How do production approaches vary across the listed organizations?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Production approaches differ by institution, including own production and out-grower or seed enterprise farm models. Some arrangements combine multiple production channels.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What cash-flow strategies are used to support seed production and delivery?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Cash flow strategies include using own resources, receiving grants, leveraging revolving funds, and collecting advances from buyers. These strategies are linked to the pre-order or ordering system in each case.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},194486,1788439456,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":47,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":35},962084925290,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","| Organization / Company | Crops handled | Seed type | Country/\u003Cbr>Coverage | Production approach | Pre-order system | Cash flow\u003Cbr>strategy | Financial status | Legal status of institutions involved |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| The INRAN Seed Unit | Pearl millet, sorghum, cowpea, groundnut | Breeder seed, Foundation seed | Niger | Own production | Yes | Own resources | Subsidized | Public institution |\n| Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research | Chickpeas, common bean | Breeder and Foundation seed | Ethiopia | Own production, | Yes | Own resources | Subsidized | Public institution |\n|  | Malt-barley | Breeder and Foundation seed | Ethiopia | Seed Enterprise farms | Yes | Grant received from private partner | Subsidized | Public-Private |\n| KALRO Seed Unit | Common bean, mungbean, soybean, OPV maize, wheat, sorghum, finger millet | Breeder and Foundation seed | Kenya | Own production, Out-growers | Partly Yes | Own resources/\u003Cbr>revolving fund | Partially Subsidized | Public institution |\n| Pre-Order Seed model, ISABU | Common bean, rice, maize, wheat | Breeder and Foundation seed | Burundi | Own production | Yes | Advances from buyers | Partially Subsidized | Public institution |\n| ICAR India | Rice | Breeder, Foundation | India | Own production, | Yes | Own resources | Subsidized | Public institution |\n| Legacy Crop Improvement Centre (LCIC) | Maize, cowpea | Breeder and Foundation seed | Ghana, COMESA region | Own production, | Not always | Own resources/ grants | Partially Subsidized | Private company |\n| SOPROSA-Sarl | Sorghum, Pearl millet, Groundnut | Foundation seed | Mali | Own production, Out-growers | Not clearly defined | Own resources | Independent | Private company |\n| Premier Seed Ltd | Maize, cowpea, sorghum | Foundation seed | Nigeria,\u003Cbr>COMESA region | Own production, Out-growers | Not clearly defined | Own resources | Independent | Private company |\n| ICRISAT-Seed\u003Cbr>Revolving Fund | Groundnut | Foundation seed | Malawi | Out-growers | Not clearly defined | Revolving fund | subsidized | Public-Private |\n| ICRISAT SRF Youth Engagement and Gender Inclusion | Groundnut, sorghum | Foundation seed | Tanzania | Out-growers | Yes | Revolving fund | subsidized | Public-Private |\n| IITA GOSeed | Banana, rice, cassava, cowpea, maize, plantain, soybean and yam | Foundation seed | Nigeria,\u003Cbr>COMESA | Own production, Out-growers | Yes | Own resources | subsidized | Public-Private |","cbCaibyrpipa5dYM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibyrpipa5dYM","pdf",1557688,49,"English","# Comparative Business Models for Early-Generation Seed Products\n## Crops and Seed Types\n## Production Approach and Pre-order Systems\n## Cash Flow Strategy and Institutional Status","[{\"question\":\"Which seed types are addressed in the business model comparison?\",\"answer\":\"The comparison focuses on breeder seed and foundation seed. Several institutions handle both categories, while others primarily provide foundation seed.\"},{\"question\":\"How do production approaches vary across the listed organizations?\",\"answer\":\"Production approaches differ by institution, including own production and out-grower or seed enterprise farm models. Some arrangements combine multiple production channels.\"},{\"question\":\"What cash-flow strategies are used to support seed production and delivery?\",\"answer\":\"Cash flow strategies include using own resources, receiving grants, leveraging revolving funds, and collecting advances from buyers. These strategies are linked to the pre-order or ordering system in each case.\"}]","Business Models for Early-Generation Seed Product - Wageningen University and Research | PDF"]