[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-194929-105":53,"doc-detail-194929-en":119},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":112,"head_meta":114,"extra_data":116,"updated_unix":118},105,"en","building-a-spreadsheet-model-chapter-18-objectives","Building a spreadsheet model - Chapter 18 - Objectives","","The chapter introduces the principles and practical use of electronic spreadsheets for economic and veterinary decision-making. It explains spreadsheet structure through cells, including labels, data-entry fields, and calculation fields with formulas that automatically update when inputs change. It further covers advanced calculation procedures, such as discounting and automation via macros, and shows how spreadsheets link to databases, graphics, and external tools using techniques like OLE and DDE for integrated analysis and presentation.",{"@graph":63,"@context":111},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/building-a-spreadsheet-model-chapter-18-objectives/194929/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/building-a-spreadsheet-model-chapter-18-objectives/194929.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Riley","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-04","2026-09-03",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"What advanced features can extend spreadsheet analysis?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"The chapter describes advanced operations like discounting for cost-benefit analysis and automation through macros to repeat complex calculation sequences.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":113,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":115,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":117,"site_id":56},194929,1790828474,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":120},{"doc_id":117,"user_id":121,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":122,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":123,"file_id":124,"file_url":125,"file_type":126,"file_size":127,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":15,"language":128,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":129,"faqs":130,"seo_title":131,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":132,"read_time":79},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","18  \n# Building a spreadsheet model\n\nR.5.Morris1),c.W.Rougoor2)&R.B.M.Huirne²)  \n1)Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences,Massey University,Palmerston North,NewZealand  \n2)Department of Farm Management,Wageningen Agricultural University,Wageningen,theNetherlands  \n## Objectives\n\nBy the end of this chapter the reader should be able:  \n·to understand the basic principles of spreadsheets  \n·to design simple spreadsheet models  \n·to include risk features into spreadsheet models  \n## 18.1 Introduction\n\nWhen economic analysis first gained acceptance as a decision-making aid in veterinaryscience,every analysis had to be conducted completely by hand-frequently involving hoursof calculations and double-checking.Since then electronic spreadsheets have made thetask relatively simple even the first time,and even easier to do if the same analysis mustbe re-run with new data.  \nBecause repeated financial calculations are very commonly used in business,thespreadsheet caught on like wildfire over a decade ago,and became a major factor in thegrowth of personal computers.Spreadsheets can be just as useful in veterinary work as inother fields,and this chapter explains the application of the technique at various levels ofsophistication.They offer a way for the novice to first develop a simple partial budget,butthey offer the expert a powerful shortcut to conducting complex modelling and analyses.  \n## 18.2 Structure of spreadsheets\n\n### 18.2.1 Cells\n\nAn electronic spreadsheet consists of a table of individual 'cells',m columns wide by n rowsdeep.Columns are usually designated by letters and rows by numbers.A cell is thereforeuniquely designated by its column letter and row number,such as cell B12,which is the cellat the intersection of the second column and 12th row.The width of columns may be variedto suit the particular needs.  \nCells can be allocated to particular uses.Common uses include text fields for labels ofvarious kinds,data fields which expect the user to enter values when the spreadsheet is  \nChapter 18  \nrun,and calculation fields,which contain the results of calculations based on the data whichare entered.The unique feature of spreadsheets which makes them so valuable is the abilityto attach a calculation formula to a cell,so that every time a new value is entered in a dataentry field which affects a calculated field,the calculation is carried out again either onrequest or(usually)automatically,so that new values appear in all relevant cells as soon asa number anywhere in the spreadsheet is changed.  \nThe formula for a cell can be viewed and edited at will,making it easy to check its accuracy.Once the formula is checked and permanently stored as part of a particular namedspreadsheet,it can be relied on to repeat the calculation accurately as often as wished.  \nThis feature differs from a database management program,which allows manipulation ofdata entered,but usually requires a formula to be applied to a group of cells by specificdecision of the user,and does not allow automatic formulae to be attached to single cellswith cross-references to other cells.  \n### 18.2.2 Advanced calculation procedures\n\nThe fornulae in cells can include all of the standard arithmetic operations,but in additiona variety of more advanced operations which allow the spreadsheet to act as a full economicanalysis system.For example,the discounting procedure for cost-benefit analysis isavailable as a standard operation which can be called by its name and applied to a series ofannual cost or benefit figures to make cost-benefit analysis easy.  \nSequences of calculations which must be carried out repeatedly for a particular applicationcan be automated by means of a recorded set of steps called a macro.This can be run toconduct more complex analyses than can be achieved by simply editing data fields in thespreadsheet.Modern macro languages allow almost full programmability of thespreadsheet,permitting it to do things not envisaged by the original designer of ","cbCaitkjbM7gEtez","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitkjbM7gEtez","pdf",457326,"English","# Objectives\n# 18.1 Introduction\n# 18.2 Structure of spreadsheets\n## 18.2.1 Cells\n## 18.2.2 Advanced calculation procedures\n## 18.2.3 Linking to other functions","[{\"question\":\"What advanced features can extend spreadsheet analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The chapter describes advanced operations like discounting for cost-benefit analysis and automation through macros to repeat complex calculation sequences.\"}]","Building a spreadsheet model - Chapter 18 - Objectives | PDF",1788443932]