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By combining gene tree models with a null model of speciation, a research framework emerges to measure how genetic variation among populations contributes to speciation. The protocol emphasizes empirical sampling: multiple DNA sequences per species across multiple loci. Examples are discussed using Drosophila melanogaster species-complex 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can gene tree models help address questions about speciation?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"By joining current gene tree models with a null model of speciation, the approach yields a plan for assessing how genetic variation between populations contributes to species formation.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What empirical data does the proposed research plan require?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Multiple DNA sequences must be collected from each investigated species, and the data should come from multiple loci.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the chapter emphasize a simplification using neutral population genetics?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"It uses statistical null models where mutations are assumed neutral and often follows the infinite sites model, making the framework analytically tractable and suitable for testing evolutionary forces.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},278106,1789507006,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":73,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":76},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","36435-449. u.  \nEditors  \nB.Schierwater  \nG.P.Wagner  \nB.StreitZoologisches Institutder Universitat FrankfurtSiesmayerstr.70D-60054 Frankfurt  \nDepartment of Biology  \nYale University  \n165 Prospect St.  \nNew Haven,CT 06511  \nUSA  \nR.DeSalle  \nDepartment of Entomology  \nAmerican Museum of Natural History  \n79th Street at Central Park West  \nNew York,NY 10024  \nUSA  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nMolecular ecology and evolution:approaches and applications /editedby B.Schierwater...[et al.].—(EXS;69)  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index,ISBN 3-7643-2942-4(acid-free):ISBN 0-8176-2942-4(U.S.:acid-free)  \n1.Molecular evolution2.Moecular ecology3.Populationgenetics.I.Schierwater,B.(Bernd),1958-.II.Series.QH371.M721994575-dc20  \nDeutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nMolecular ecology and evolution:approaches and applications/ed.by B.Schierwater...-Basel;Boston;Berlin:Birkhäuser,1994(EXS;69)  \nISBN 3-7643-2942-4(Basel...)ISBN 0-8176-2942-4(Boston)NE:Schierwater,Bernd [Hrsg.]  \nThe publisher and editor can give no guarantee for the information on drug dosage andadministration contained in this publication.The respective user must check its accuracy byconsulting other sources of reference in each individual case.  \nThe use of registered names,trademarks etc.in this publication,even if not identified as such,does not imply that they are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations or freefor general use.  \nThis work is subject to copyright.All rights are reserved,whether the whole or part of thematerial is concerned,specifically the rights of translation,reprinting,re-use of illustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction on microfilms or n other ways,and storage in databanks.For any kind of use permission of the copyright owner must be obtained.  \n1994 Birkhäuser Verlag,PO Box 133,CH-4010 Basel,SwitzerlandPrinted on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulpCover illustration:A.Ender and B.SchierwaterPrinted in Germany  \n# Bridging phylogenetics and population genetics withgene tree models\n\nJ.Hey  \nRutgers University,Nelson Labs,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1059,USA  \nSummary.Current gene tree models,developed and used by population geneticists forresearch on natural selection,can also be used to ask questions about the formation of species.When these gene tree models are joined with a null model of speciation,a research planemerges that shows promise of revealing the extent to which genetic variation betweenpopulations contributes to the formation of species.The empirical element of this researchplan requires that multiple DNA sequences be collected from each of the species investigated,and that these data come from multiple loci.Examples of these models and their applicationto recent data on the Drosophila melanogaster species complex are given.  \nThis report outlines an emergent protocol in evolutionary genetics:theapplication of genealogical,population genetic models to the inquiry ofevolutionary forces(e.g.,natural selection,genetic drift,gene flow)associated with the formation of species.On the empirical side theemphasis is on DNA sequence data sets in which multiple sequenceshave been collected from each of two or more species and for multipleloci.The article by Templeton in this volume addresses similar issues.  \n## Simplifying the question -building a model\n\nI willoutline a reductionist population genetic approach to the study ofspeciation that,at its core,draws relatively little from many issues incurrent speciation debates(e.g.,sympatric speciation,genetic architec-tures,reinforcement;see articles in Otte and Endler,1989).Typically,population genetics proceeds by statistical assessments of null models.Despite the fact that these models usually employ manifestly extremeassumptions(e.g.,strict neutrality of mutations,panmixia,constantpopulation size),they have a diverse record,including being highlyexplanatory in some circumstances and being strongly rejected in other","cbCaipxFO7fCeDLI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipxFO7fCeDLI","pdf",636515,8,"English","# Bridging phylogenetics and population genetics with gene tree models\n## Simplifying the question - building a model","[{\"question\":\"How can gene tree models help address questions about speciation?\",\"answer\":\"By joining current gene tree models with a null model of speciation, the approach yields a plan for assessing how genetic variation between populations contributes to species formation.\"},{\"question\":\"What empirical data does the proposed research plan require?\",\"answer\":\"Multiple DNA sequences must be collected from each investigated species, and the data should come from multiple loci.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the chapter emphasize a simplification using neutral population genetics?\",\"answer\":\"It uses statistical null models where mutations are assumed neutral and often follows the infinite sites model, making the framework analytically tractable and suitable for testing evolutionary forces.\"}]","Bridging phylogenetics and population genetics with gene tree models - Chapter 1 - Summary of the protocol | PDF"]