[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-564245-105":53,"doc-detail-564245-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","baltimores-camden-yards-ballparks-introduction","Baltimore's Camden Yards Ballparks - Introduction","","The chapter evaluates whether Oriole Park at Camden Yards is an exception to the conventional view that publicly financed sports stadiums are poor economic deals for cities. It compares Orioles attendance trends before and after the 1992 opening and estimates annual economic benefits of about $3M versus an annual taxpayer cost of about $14M, yielding a net annual cost near $11M. It also outlines the broader Baltimore political history leading to stadium development and sets up later financial and economic-impact analyses for both baseball and the Ravens’ stadium.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/baltimores-camden-yards-ballparks-introduction/564245/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/baltimores-camden-yards-ballparks-introduction/564245.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"kopisore","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-18","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":9},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What question does the chapter focus on regarding Camden Yards?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"It asks whether Oriole Park at Camden Yards is, or could be, an exception to the idea that publicly financed stadiums are bad deals for cities.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does the chapter estimate the economic benefits and costs of Camden Yards?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"It estimates about $3M in annual economic benefits to Maryland against roughly $14M in annual costs to Maryland taxpayers, implying a net annual cost of about $11M.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does Section II describe in the book’s overall structure?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Section II provides a narrative sketch of the Orioles’ history in Baltimore and at Memorial Stadium and the events leading up to the move to Camden Yards.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},564245,1792360286,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":9,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":30},962090880963,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Baltimore's Camden Yards Ballparks  \nby Bruce Hamilton and Peter Kahn  \nI INTRODUCTION  \nThe accepted wisdom is that municipal professional sports stadiums are a bad economic deal for cities---except for Oriole Park at Camden Yards. Those who have studied the work of Robert Baade and the other chapters in this volume (particularly that of Roger Noll and Andrew Zimbalist) understand the basis for the first clause in Noll's quote above. But there is also a widely held perception that the Baltimore experience breaks the mold, and indeed holds out the possibility that if only other cities can replicate Camden Yards magic, they too can get rich from professional sports.1  \nThere is indeed something behind the feeling that Camden Yards is different. In the decade before the 1992 opening of Camden Yards, Orioles attendance averaged 26,823 per game; average annual attendance reached an all-time high of 29,457 in the last four years before the move2 . In the five years since the move, average attendance has been 45,129 .3 The move to Camden Yards appears to have propelled the Orioles from a team with a weak financial base to one of the most financially successful teams in baseball. If a new stadium is economically justified anywhere, that place must be Baltimore.  \n1Jacobs Field in Cleveland is also thought to be an exception to the string of failures.  \n2For a variety of reasons, it is not clear that the four years preceding the move to Camden Yards is typical (see Figure 1) . It includes 1988, when the Orioles began the season with a 23-game losing streak, but also 1989, 1990, and 1991; in all three of those years attendance exceeded 30,000, demolishing the previous all-time high of 26,918 in 1984. In 1988-1991, Orioles attendance was 108% of the MLB average; in 1992-1995 it was 156% .  \n3Just as with the four years preceding the move, the 5 years following the move may be atypical. We will discuss the so-called \"honeymoon effect\" below.  \n2  \nOur main task in this chapter is to ask whether Oriole Park at Camden Yards is, or at least might possibly be, an exception to the conventional wisdom that publicly financed sports stadiums are bad deals for cities. Is the ballpark good for Baltimore and Maryland, or just for the Orioles? Following that discussion, we present an abbreviated analysis  of the Ravens' (NFL) stadium at Camden Yards.  \nTaking account of all of the measurable benefits of the Camden Yards investment (i.e., job creation and tax imports), we estimate that baseball at Camden Yards generates approximately $3M in annual economic benefits to the Maryland economy, at an annual cost to the taxpayers of Maryland of approximately $14M. The net annual cost is approximately $11M, or about $14.70 per year per Baltimore metro household.4 All of these identifiable benefits to the Maryland economy are in the form of tax and job imports; thus these benefits occur at the expense of neighboring economies. In addition, Maryland taxpayers bear only a portion of the true social costs ofthe stadium; it is likely that non-Marylanders may incur as much as approximately another $12M per year because investment funds were diverted from the private sector to the stadium and distortions created by the taxation required to finance the stadium deficit.  \nEven at Camden Yards, public expenditure on the baseball stadium cannot be justified on grounds of local economic development. If the public subsidy is justified at all, such justification must rest on public consumption externalities which accrue to Baltimoreans as a result of the presence of the Orioles.  \n4We state this in terms of Baltimore households because we assume Baltimoreans will receive the majority of any benefits, even though the costs are absorbed by all residents of the state of Maryland.  \n3  \nSection II is a narrative sketch of the Orioles' history in Baltimore and at Memorial Stadium, and the events leading up to the move to Camden Yards. In section III we give the basic financia","cbCaig1mQF5vqWVj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig1mQF5vqWVj","pdf",87098,47,"English","# Introduction\n## Historical context and attendance shift\n## Economic benefits vs taxpayer costs\n## Purpose and structure of the chapter\n# Prehistory\n## Post-WWII attempts to attract major league teams","[{\"question\":\"What question does the chapter focus on regarding Camden Yards?\",\"answer\":\"It asks whether Oriole Park at Camden Yards is, or could be, an exception to the idea that publicly financed stadiums are bad deals for cities.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the chapter estimate the economic benefits and costs of Camden Yards?\",\"answer\":\"It estimates about $3M in annual economic benefits to Maryland against roughly $14M in annual costs to Maryland taxpayers, implying a net annual cost of about $11M.\"},{\"question\":\"What does Section II describe in the book’s overall structure?\",\"answer\":\"Section II provides a narrative sketch of the Orioles’ history in Baltimore and at Memorial Stadium and the events leading up to the move to Camden Yards.\"}]","Baltimore's Camden Yards Ballparks - Introduction | PDF",1791841037]