[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-199106-105":53,"doc-detail-199106-en":118},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":111,"head_meta":113,"extra_data":115,"updated_unix":117},105,"en","assessment-of-mercury-contamination-in-bats-at-the-great-dismal-swamp-national-wildlife-refuge-study","Assessment of Mercury Contamination in Bats at the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge - Study","","Mercury deposition has the potential to affect mammals and birds, with bioaccumulation driven by the methylated form (MeHg) produced under low-oxygen, low-ppH wetland conditions. This study develops an Hg exposure profile for bat populations in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge using fur and blood collected during mist-netting. Fur and blood are used as indicators of Hg availability and temporal exposure, enabling evaluation of Hg burdens along the terrestrial food chain. Sampling occurred across multiple sites and years to characterize contamination in insectivorous bat prey pathways.",{"@graph":63,"@context":110},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/assessment-of-mercury-contamination-in-bats-at-the-great-dismal-swamp-national-wildlife-refuge-study/199106/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/assessment-of-mercury-contamination-in-bats-at-the-great-dismal-swamp-national-wildlife-refuge-study/199106.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"\tWilliam","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-19","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":73},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"How were bats captured and sampled for mercury measurements?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Bats were captured at eight sites using bat-specific mist nets during 2007–2009. Nets were monitored frequently, and captured bats were identified by species, sexed, banded/aged when applicable, then fur and blood were collected for analysis.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":112,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":114,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":116,"site_id":56},199106,1788504771,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":119},{"doc_id":116,"user_id":120,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":121,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":122,"file_id":123,"file_url":124,"file_type":125,"file_size":126,"view_count":9,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":20,"language":127,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":128,"faqs":129,"seo_title":130,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":117,"read_time":47},5909887254083,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Assessment of Mercury Contamination in Bats at the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge  \nDavid E. Yates 1*, Pedro Ardapple 1, Susan Lingenfelser2, David C. Evers 1, Robert Taylor3 and Christopher Perkins4.  \n1BioDiversity Research Institute, 19 Flaggy Meadow Rd., Gorham, ME 04038 2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 6669 Short Lane, Gloucester, VA 23061  \n3Trace Element Research Laboratory, Highway 60 VMA Building, College Station, TX 77843 4 University of Connecticut, 3107 Horse Barn Hill Rd. \\# U-4210, Storrs Mansfield, Connecticut 06269  \n*Correspondence should be addressed to Dave Yates, Tel: 207-839-7600 Ext: 114; E-mail: [dave.yates@briloon.org](dave.yates@briloon.org)  \nKEYWORDS: Mercury, Hg, Methylmercury, MeHg, Bats, Virginia, Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge  \nIntroduction  \nMercury (Hg) deposition has the potential to have landscape level impacts to mammals and birds. Atmospheric deposition of Hg is the suspected cause of Hg contamination in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (GDSNWR) . Hg deposition occurs predominantly in the inorganic form (Hg), while Hg bioaccumulation is most significant in the methylated form (MeHg)(Driscoll et al. 2007) . The availability of Hg is strongly influenced by hydrology and biogeochemical factors (Lucotte et al. 1999; Watras and Huckabee 1994). Due to Hg methylation by sulfate-reducing anaerobic bacteria that convert inorganic Hg into toxic organic methylmercury (MeHg), Hg is more bioavailable to wildlife in areas with low dissolved oxygen and low pH than other habitat types. Due to the low dissolved oxygen and low pH found in the wetland environment at the GDSNWR, the risk to mammals and birds from bioaccumulation of MeHg is higher than in other ecosystems.  \nMost studies looking at the bioaccumulation of Hg focus on the piscivorous food chain. Few studies have evaluated Hg bioaccumulation in the insectivorous food chain. Many bat species regularly forage on emerging insects over river surface waters and floodplain edges. Bats that forage over waterways with elevated Hg concentrations have been shown to bioaccumulate Hg (Yates et al. 2007; Divoll et al. 2009) . Bats also have a high metabolic rate and high ingestion rate relative to their body weight, which may make them more vulnerable to bioaccumulation. Due to the high potential for bioaccumulation at the GDSNWR, measuring Hg concentrations in bats is important for understanding bioaccumulation in the terrestrial food chain and evaluating potential affects.  \nTissues commonly analyzed in mammal bioaccumulation studies include blood and fur. Blood and fur represent different temporal uptake exposure routes. Blood Hg levels represent more recent dietary uptake (Evers et al. 2005; Hobson and Clark 1993, 1994; Bearhop et al. 2000) Fur samples are indicators of Hg body burdens, reflecting both dietary uptake and body accumulation since Hg is deposited in the fur as it grows over time (Mierle et al. 2000; Yates et al. 2005) . Differences in blood and fur Hg concentrations through time can be a result of shifts in bat movement or prey choice.  \nThe objective of this study was to develop a Hg exposure profile for the GDSNWR bat populations based on fur and blood samples obtained from mist netting. Because it is well-  \nestablished that Hg concentrations in fur and blood are primarily in the methyl form, these tissues are good indicators of Hg availability to bats.  \nMethods  \nStudy Area  \nThe GDSNWR is located on the Virginia-North Carolina border in the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain. The Union Camp Corporation originally donated 49,100 acres of forested wetlands to The Nature Conservancy in 1974, which was then conveyed to the Department of the Interior to establish the refuge. GDSNWR currently consists of 111,201 acres, with Lake Drummond, a 3,100 acre natural lake, in the center of the swamp. Lake Drummond acts as a sump for water flows from the north and west of the refuge. The study area encompasses s","cbCaiagVSt66pFFR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiagVSt66pFFR","pdf",308730,"English","# Introduction\n# Methods\n## Study Area\n## Bat Capture and Sampling\n# Results","[{\"question\":\"How were bats captured and sampled for mercury measurements?\",\"answer\":\"Bats were captured at eight sites using bat-specific mist nets during 2007–2009. Nets were monitored frequently, and captured bats were identified by species, sexed, banded/aged when applicable, then fur and blood were collected for analysis.\"}]","Assessment of Mercury Contamination in Bats at the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge - Study | PDF"]