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The study addresses gaps in virtual-context evidence and experimental work linking charismatic leadership to behavioral results such as task performance. Drawing on signaling theory, two experiments test how charismatic versus non-charismatic instruction influences followers in face-to-face and virtual settings, with an additional study using video-based leader exposure and survey responses. Findings show benefits in face-to-face performance, limited effects virtually, and positive perceptions of leader prototypicality, competence, and influence.",{"@graph":63,"@context":122},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/an-examination-of-the-effects-of-charismatic-leadership-on-follower-performance-in-face-to-face-and-virtual-settings-by-brittany-ernst/159553/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-examination-of-the-effects-of-charismatic-leadership-on-follower-performance-in-face-to-face-and-virtual-settings-by-brittany-ernst/159553.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Gelato","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-19","2026-08-29",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":76},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114,118],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"什么是研究关注的核心问题？","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"研究关注有魅力型领导（charismatic leadership）对下属绩效的影响，并比较面对面与虚拟（技术媒介）情境中的差异。","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"研究使用了哪些实验设计来检验有魅力型领导的效果？",{"text":113,"@type":109},"文中开展了三项研究：两项实验由参与者在接受有魅力或非有魅力领导的指导后完成任务；第三项研究让参与者观看领导视频并通过问卷作答。",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"有魅力型领导在面对面与虚拟场景中的结果有何不同？",{"text":117,"@type":109},"研究显示，有魅力型领导能在面对面情境中提升下属任务绩效（Study 1），但在虚拟情境中效果不显著（Study 2）。",{"name":119,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":120},"除绩效外，研究还考察了哪些变量？",{"text":121,"@type":109},"第三项研究通过问卷考察了参与者对领导者的感知，包括原型性（prototypicality）、能力（competence）与影响力（influencing ability）等。","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":124,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":56},159553,1788019481,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":76,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},19241457091524,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP ON FOLLOWER PERFORMANCE IN FACE-TO-FACE AND VIRTUAL SETTINGS  \nby  \nBrittany Ernst  \nA dissertation submitted to the faculty of  \nThe University of North Carolina at Charlotte  \nin partial fulfillment of the requirements  \nfor the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in  \nOrganizational Science  \nCharlotte  \n2020  \nApproved by:  \n\n| Dr. George Banks |\n| --- |\n| Dr. Anita Blanchard |\n| Dr. Janaki Gooty |\n\nDr. Jaime Bochantin  \n©2020 Brittany Ernst ALL RIGHTS RESERVED  \nABSTRACT  \nBRITTANY ERNST. An examination of the effects of charismatic leadership on follower performance in face-to-face and virtual settings. (Under the direction of DR.  \nGEORGE BANKS)  \nCharismatic leadership is a powerful, trainable set of skills. Charismatic leaders achieve their effect on followers through the use of stories, metaphors, emotional messaging, and nonverbal gestures (Antonakis, Bastardoz, Jacquart, & Shamir, 2016) . Although many modern organizations rely heavily on technology-mediated communication, the power of charismatic leadership has not been fully examined in this context. Further, the field is lacking experimental research on charismatic leadership and behavioral outcomes, such as task performance. To address these limitations, I draw upon signaling theory to investigate how observable charismatic leadership tactics (CLTs) affect follower task and extra-role performance in a realistic setting. I conducted two experimental studies in which participants completed a task after receiving instruction from a charismatic or non-charismatic leader. CLTs were effective in increasing follower performance in a face-to-face setting (Study 1), but not in a virtual setting (Study 2) . In order to explore potential theoretical explanations of the effects of CLTs, I also conducted a study in which participants viewed a video of a charismatic or noncharismatic leader and responded to survey items (Study 3) . CLTs positively affected some perceptions ofthe leader (i.e., prototypicality, competence, and influencing ability) . Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Specifically, I explain how signaling theory can be applied to charismatic leadership, and how charisma can be trained in an organizational context.  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nLIST OF TABLES v  \nLIST OF FIGURES vi  \nCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1  \nCHAPTER 2: METHOD 35  \nCHAPTER 3: RESULTS 54  \nCHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION 61  \nREFERENCES 71  \nAPPENDIX A: Script for Speeches for Face-to-Face Experiment 95  \nAPPENDIX B: Template for Face-to-Face Work Task 98  \nAPPENDIX C: Template for Face-to-Face Optional Task 99  \nAPPENDIX D: Follow-Up Survey 100  \nAPPENDIX E: Email Invitation for Virtual Study 102  \nAPPENDIX F: Task Instructions for Virtual Work Task 103  \nAPPENDIX G: Script for Speeches for Virtual Experiment 104  \nAPPENDIX H: Preview of Leader Videos 107  \nAPPENDIX I: Sample of Study Sheet from Virtual Work Task 108  \nAPPENDIX J: Sample of Study Sheet from Optional Virtual Work Task 110  \nLIST OF TABLES  \nTABLE 1: Charismatic Leadership Tactics (CLTs) 88  \nTABLE 2: Original and Adapted Items 90  \nTABLE 3: Descriptive Statistics for Study 3 91  \nTABLE 4: Results of Hypothesis Testing for H3-H10 92  \nLIST OF FIGURES  \nFIGURE 1: Signaling Theory and Charismatic Leadership 93  \nFIGURE 2: Results of Study 1 and Study 2 Task Performance 94  \nCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION  \nCharismatic leadership is a powerful, trainable set of skills relevant for all kinds of leaders (Antonakis et al., 2011, 2012; Towler, 2003). Drawing upon signaling theory (Connelly et al., 2011), charismatic leadership is defined as “values-based, symbolic, and emotion-laden leader signaling”(Antonakis et al., 2016, p. 304) . Charismatic leadership predicts leader effectiveness (Awamleh & Gardner, 1999) , follower task performance and attitudes (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1996) , cooperation (De Cremer & Van Knippenberg, 2002), and firm performance (Waldman et al., 2001) . More importantly","cbCaijgNPJ7MxntN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijgNPJ7MxntN","pdf",1265727,116,"English","# Table of Contents\n## List of Tables\n## List of Figures\n## Chapter 1: Introduction\n## Chapter 2: Method\n## Chapter 3: Results\n## Chapter 4: Discussion\n## References\n## Appendix A: Script for Speeches for Face-to-Face Experiment\n## Appendix B: Template for Face-to-Face Work Task\n## Appendix C: Template for Face-to-Face Optional Task\n## Appendix D: Follow-Up Survey\n## Appendix E: Email Invitation for Virtual Study\n## Appendix F: Task Instructions for Virtual Work Task\n## Appendix G: Script for Speeches for Virtual Experiment\n## Appendix H: Preview of Leader Videos\n## Appendix I: Sample of Study Sheet from Virtual Work Task\n## Appendix J: Sample of Study Sheet from Optional Virtual Work Task","[{\"question\":\"什么是研究关注的核心问题？\",\"answer\":\"研究关注有魅力型领导（charismatic leadership）对下属绩效的影响，并比较面对面与虚拟（技术媒介）情境中的差异。\"},{\"question\":\"研究使用了哪些实验设计来检验有魅力型领导的效果？\",\"answer\":\"文中开展了三项研究：两项实验由参与者在接受有魅力或非有魅力领导的指导后完成任务；第三项研究让参与者观看领导视频并通过问卷作答。\"},{\"question\":\"有魅力型领导在面对面与虚拟场景中的结果有何不同？\",\"answer\":\"研究显示，有魅力型领导能在面对面情境中提升下属任务绩效（Study 1），但在虚拟情境中效果不显著（Study 2）。\"},{\"question\":\"除绩效外，研究还考察了哪些变量？\",\"answer\":\"第三项研究通过问卷考察了参与者对领导者的感知，包括原型性（prototypicality）、能力（competence）与影响力（influencing ability）等。\"}]","An Examination of the Effects of Charismatic Leadership on Follower Performance in Face-to-Face and Virtual Settings - by Brittany Ernst | PDF",41]