[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-255922-105":53,"doc-detail-255922-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":120,"head_meta":122,"extra_data":124,"updated_unix":126},105,"en","an-english-cover-letter-essential-wordlist-for-second-language-learners","An English Cover Letter Essential Wordlist for Second Language Learners","","An English cover letter is treated as a key job-application document for second-language (L2) learners, and the study investigates how to improve learners’ cover-letter writing through vocabulary. A Cover Letter Essential Word List (CLEWL) was created from a corpus of 400 cover letters, totaling 347 essential words. The CLEWL is analyzed by its composition, lexical coverage, and lexical frequency profile, and practical teaching suggestions are provided for instruction based on CLEWL items.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":41,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/letters/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/an-english-cover-letter-essential-wordlist-for-second-language-learners/255922/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-english-cover-letter-essential-wordlist-for-second-language-learners/255922.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Theodore","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-09-13",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"What is the CLEWL and how was it created?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"The CLEWL is an English cover letter essential word list created from a corpus of 400 cover letters, resulting in 347 words.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"How were candidate words selected for the CLEWL?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"Words were selected using criteria including range, frequency, and dispersion, using a computer-based, corpus linguistics approach. Ratio was not calculated for this study.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What did the study analyze about the CLEWL?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"The study analyzed the CLEWL’s composition, lexical coverage, and lexical frequency profile, and it offers suggestions for teaching words from the list.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},255922,1790616334,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":40,"category_name":41,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":136,"language":137,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":138,"faqs":139,"seo_title":140,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":141,"read_time":73},7971461740886,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","FEATURE ARTICLE  \nAn English Cover Letter Essential Wordlist for Second Language Learners  \nMacPaul Hirata  \nKanda University of International Studies  \nWriting a cover letter is an essential part of the job application process. To find ways to improve second language learners’cover letter writing ability, this author examined cover letters to create a list of words that are essential for writing English cover letters. A Cover Letter Essential Word List (CLEWL) of 347 words was created from a corpus of 400 cover letters. The CLEWL was analyzed in terms of its make-up, lexical coverage, and lexical frequency profile. This study presents those findings, as well as suggestions for teaching words from the CLEWL.  \nカバーレターを書くことは就職活動に不可欠な部分である。本論では第2言語学習者のカバーレター作成能力を向上させる方法を見つけるために、英語のカバーレターの文例を調査し、カバーレターを書く上で不可欠な単語リストを作成した。400枚のカバーレターのコーパスから、カバーレターの必須単語リスト（CLEWL）347語を作成し、それを構成、語彙の範囲、および語彙頻度プロファイルの観点から分析した。 本論ではその調査結果について述べ、CLEWLの単語を教える方法を提案する。  \nThe purpose of this study was to determine  \nwhich words would be most useful for L2  \nlearners to know when they are composing a professional cover letter. The author looked at cover letters from a corpus linguistics perspective with the goal of creating a specialized word list for this text type. A cover letter is a document sent with applicants’ resumes to a potential employer to provide additional information about their qualifications.  \nCover letters transverse every discipline and remain widely used. The significance of this study is that there is, to date, no study on the essential vocabulary for cover letters despite the benefits of such an endeavor. Words lists such as this one are important for helping L2 learners to gain both specialized receptive vocabulary knowledge and productive vocabulary knowledge (Yamamoto, 2014).  \nMaking an Area-Specific Word List  \nWith the availability of computing resources and the subsequent advancement in computer technology, computer programs have become the tool of choice for making specialized word lists. This is because of their ability to process a large amount  \nof data in a limited time and their consistency in objectively identifying technical and non-technical terms when compared to other methods, such as compilation by human researchers and the use of technical dictionaries. When using computer programs to develop specialized word lists, four criteria can be applied. These are range, frequency, dispersion, and ratio.  \nRange  \nRange is the number of different texts in which a word appears. Both Coxhead (2000) and Nation (2016) rank range as the most important criteria. The reason is that range avoids the bias of the frequency criteria where a word might appear many times within a text, probably because of its relationship to the topic of the text, and yet fail to appear in other different texts in the same corpus. The more useful a word is, the more likely it is to appear in many different texts. Coxhead (2000), when making the Academic Word List (AWL), set the threshold of occurrence to 15 or more of the 28 texts in the corpus, while Yang’s (2015) threshold for the inclusion of words in the Nursing Academic Word List (NAWL) was occurrence in 11 of the 21 subject areas of the Nursing Research Articles Corpus (NRAC) .  \nFrequency  \nFrequency refers to the number of times a word occurs within each text. However, because topic-related words could have a high frequency in a single text, and yet have a limited range, frequency alone might not be sufficient criteria for the inclusion of a word. The generally accepted frequency threshold for a word is 28.57 times per million words, or 0.0028% of the total running words in a corpus (Coxhead, 2000; Lei & Liu, 2016; Yang, 2015) .  \nDispersion  \nThe dispersion criterion is used to eliminate the bias of the frequency count by making sure that words occur evenly across the different texts in a corpus. The dispersion of a word in a corpus is acquired by  \nARTICLES  JALT PRAXIS  JALT FOCUS   \nLanguage  \n","cbCaihrlByXu55Je","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihrlByXu55Je","pdf",468547,6,"English","# Making an Area-Specific Word List\n## Range\n## Frequency\n## Dispersion\n## Ratio\n# Research Questions\n# Methods","[{\"question\":\"What is the CLEWL and how was it created?\",\"answer\":\"The CLEWL is an English cover letter essential word list created from a corpus of 400 cover letters, resulting in 347 words.\"},{\"question\":\"How were candidate words selected for the CLEWL?\",\"answer\":\"Words were selected using criteria including range, frequency, and dispersion, using a computer-based, corpus linguistics approach. Ratio was not calculated for this study.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study analyze about the CLEWL?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzed the CLEWL’s composition, lexical coverage, and lexical frequency profile, and it offers suggestions for teaching words from the list.\"}]","An English Cover Letter Essential Wordlist for Second Language Learners | PDF",1789295415]