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Model Cards were introduced to standardize ethical reporting and enable stakeholders to evaluate models using information on training data, intended use, potential biases, and risks. This research aims to automate risk analysis and regulatory compliance checks by reviewing 90 Model Cards from four repositories, analyzing structure, content, and ethical reporting gaps. Findings show variance, loose structure, and limited ethical reporting, leading to a unified template for future machine-interpretable cards.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/ai-model-cards-state-of-the-art-and-path-to-automated-use/383495/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ai-model-cards-state-of-the-art-and-path-to-automated-use/383495.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Jacob","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What is the purpose of Model Cards in AI development?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Model Cards standardize ethical reporting so stakeholders can evaluate AI models using training data details, intended use, potential biases, and associated risks.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does the paper study the current state of Model Cards?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"It conducts a state-of-the-art review by analyzing 90 Model Cards from four model repositories to assess relevance to automated risk and compliance goals.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What issues do the authors identify in existing Model Cards?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"The study finds significant variance in information reporting, a loose or inconsistent structure, and a lack of comprehensive ethical reporting.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},383495,1791722584,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":15,"language":135,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":136,"faqs":137,"seo_title":138,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":139,"read_time":79},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","# AI Model Cards:State of the Art and Path to Automated Use\n\nAli Mehraj¹²,An Cao¹D,Kari Systä¹DC,Tommi Mikkonen²D,Pyry Kotilainen²De,David Hästbacka¹Df and Niko Mäkitalo²Dg  \n¹Faculty ofInformation Technology and Communication Sciences,Tampere University,Tampere,Finland²Faculty of Information Technology,University of Jyvaskyla,Jyvaskyla,Finland  \nfi  \nfi  \nModel Cards,AI Model,Privacy,Transparency,Ethical AI,Machine Learning,ML,Artificial Intelligence,AI.  \n## Keywords:  1\n\nAbstract:In software engineering,the integration of machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)componentsinto modern web services has become commonplace.To comply with evolving regulations,such as the EU AIAct,the development of AI models must adhere to the principles of transparency.This includes the trainingdata used,the intended use,potential biases,and the risks associated with these models.To support thesegoals,documents named Model Cards were introduced to standardize ethical reporting and allow stakeholdersto evaluate models based on various goals.In our ongoing research,we aim to automate risk analysis andregulatory compliance checks in software systems.We envision that model cards can serve as useful tools toachieve the goal.Given the evolving format of model cards over time,we conducted a state-of-the-art reviewof the current state and practice of model cards by analyzing 90 model cards from four model repositoriesto assess their relevance to our vision.The study's contribution is a thorough analysis of the model cards'structure and content,as well as their ethical reporting.Our study reveals the variance in information reporting,the loose structure,and the lack of ethical reporting in the model cards.Based on the findings,we propose aunified model card template that aims to enhance the structure,promote greater transparency,and establish afoundation for future machine-interpretable AI model cards.  \n## 1 INTRODUCTION\n\nBussche,2017),these AI models will need to adhereto the guidelines set forth by the regulations.It is cru-cial for developers and organizations involved in de-veloping these AI models to be transparent regardingthe training data,intended use,potential biases,andthe risks associated with their models.  \nRapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)hassignificantly impacted the engineering of Internet andWeb systems.Machine Learning(ML)models,espe-cially Large Language Models (LLMs),have demon-strated remarkable capabilities in a variety of appli-cations such as text generation,text translation,textcomprehension,and image generation.Such modelshave a vast number of parameters and are trained withlarge datasets,which can introduce privacy and se-curity concerns and may lead to privacy and securitybreaches of personal data.With emerging regulationssuch as the EU AI Act (Edwards,2021),the Data Act(Perarnaud et al.,2022)and the existing General DataProtection Regulation(GDPR)(Voigt and Von dem  \nModel Cards,introduced by Google in 2019(Mitchell et al.,2019)are documents that representML models to standardize ethical reporting.Thesedocuments allow stakeholders to evaluate modelsbased on inclusiveness,fairness,ethics,and tradi-tional metrics reported in the model cards(Mitchellet al.,2019).While model cards are becoming an in-tegral part of model documentation,their format iscontinuously evolving(Kotilainen et al.,2024).Wehave utilized the concept of these model cards in ourprevious research to ensure safe and ethical orchestra-tion,and deployment of ML models using metadatacards(Kotilainen et al.,2025).  \naDhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-7563-1706  \nbDhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-6460-6567  \ncDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7371-0773  \nIn many systems,ML is part of a larger system.Therefore,to identify potential risks in a system,it isimportant to analyze the impact associated with themto the overall system.In addition,the risks depend on  \ndDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-9918  \neDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4645-074X  \nfDhttps://or","cbCailtvg9gFDaIA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailtvg9gFDaIA","pdf",307830,"English","# Keywords\n# Abstract\n# 1 INTRODUCTION","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of Model Cards in AI development?\",\"answer\":\"Model Cards standardize ethical reporting so stakeholders can evaluate AI models using training data details, intended use, potential biases, and associated risks.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper study the current state of Model Cards?\",\"answer\":\"It conducts a state-of-the-art review by analyzing 90 Model Cards from four model repositories to assess relevance to automated risk and compliance goals.\"},{\"question\":\"What issues do the authors identify in existing Model Cards?\",\"answer\":\"The study finds significant variance in information reporting, a loose or inconsistent structure, and a lack of comprehensive ethical reporting.\"}]","AI Model Cards - State of the Art and Path to Automated Use | PDF",1790257298]