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It outlines how existing grid infrastructure can be adapted and optimally used, covering temperature monitoring, phase-shifting transformers, and grid reinforcement while applying the GORE principle to reduce costs and gain public acceptance. 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(0) 30. 700 14 35-000  \nF +49. (0) 30. 700 14 35-129  \n[www.agora-energiewende.de](www.agora-energiewende.de)[ ](www.agora-energiewende.de)[info@agora-energiewende.de](info@agora-energiewende.de)  \nAUTHORS:  \nStephanie Ropenus, with Philipp Godron  \nMarkus Steigenberger  \nstephanie.ropenus@agora-energiewende.de  \nProofreading: WordSolid, Berlin  \nLayout: Marica Gehlfuß  \nCover image: [unsplash.com/ Shane](unsplash.com/ Shane) Rounce  \nFinalisation date: 31st Oct. 2018  \n151/01-won-2019/EN  \nPublication: February 2019  \nThis publication is available for download under this QR code.  \nWHAT YOU WILL LEARN  \nWhy wind and solar power pose new challenges to grid operation and planning  \nmore on page 13  \nElectricity generation from wind power and solar photovoltaic depends on the weather. In order to keep the system stable despite real-time variability, power demand must always match power supply. The operation  \nof power systems with a growing share of variable renewable energy sources (vRES) and steeper ramp rates is a complex undertaking. Renewable energy often comes from small, modular power generation units that are frequently connected to the distribution grid, close to electricity consumers. This is a departure from the conventional power system, in which a few large thermal generators feed power directly into the transmission grid. A high share of vRES makes the coordination of power generation and demand an increasingly complicated task for planners and operators.  \nHow the existing grid infrastructure can be optimally utilised for integrating variable renewables (vRES)  \nmore on page 17  \nChanges in the generation landscape often necessitate grid expansion. The good news is that the existing grid infrastructure can be adapted to integrate a growing share of vRES. Temperature monitoring of existing  \ntransmission lines allows better utilisation of their capacity. The implementation of phase-shifting transformers enables grid operators to control and optimise electrical power flows – and to relieve grid constraints. Through grid reinforcement, existing power lines can be upgraded without the need for building new ones. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, but the optimal choice of measures needs to account for conditions in each grid region and country. The application of the “GORE principle” –“grid optimisation before grid reinforcement before grid expansion” – reduces costs and increases public acceptance should new transmission lines have to be built if grid optimisation and reinforcement measures fall short.  \n[Bystrup.dk](Bystrup.dk)  \nA WORD ON | What you will learn  \nHow grid planning can account for high vRES shares early on  \nmore on page 20  \nThere are different ways to approach grid planning. With the conventional approach, grid expansion follows new generation and demand. But the long lead times for building transmission lines means that grid expansion  \nSiemens AG  \ncannot keep up with new vRES stations like wind turbines and solar panels, which can be installed rather quickly. Instruments for aligning grid planning and vRES deployment are better suited for a holistic planning approach.  \nWhat to do in case of grid bottlenecks  \nmore on page 30  \nSiemens AG  \nIf delays in grid expansion occur as the share of vRES increases, grid congestion and bottlenecks may follow. A well-developed grid can prevent such congestion. For instance, in Germany, renewables cover around  \none-third of annual electricity demand, and only around 2 to  \n4 percent of renewable generation is curtailed. Nevertheless, even countries with a strong grid infrastructure can experience grid congestion. When they do, their grid operators need to take spe","cbCaibtYvq6fRrjS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibtYvq6fRrjS","pdf",4213442,"English","# What you will learn\n## Why wind and solar pose new challenges for grid operation and planning\n## How existing grid infrastructure can integrate variable renewables\n## How grid planning can account for high vRES shares early on\n## What to do in case of grid bottlenecks\n## How to procure ancillary services in times of lower conventional generation\n## Why it is important to anticipate the system impact of vRES early on","[{\"question\":\"Why do wind and solar create new challenges for grid operation and planning?\",\"answer\":\"Wind and solar generation depends on weather, so power systems must maintain stability while real-time variability changes supply. With higher shares of variable renewable energy and steeper ramp rates, coordination of generation and demand becomes more complex for planners and operators.\"},{\"question\":\"How can existing grid infrastructure help integrate more variable renewables?\",\"answer\":\"Grid infrastructure can be adapted through better capacity utilization, such as temperature monitoring of transmission lines, and by enabling operators to control power flows using phase-shifting transformers. Grid reinforcement can also upgrade existing lines, and the GORE principle helps guide choices before building new transmission.\"},{\"question\":\"What actions should grid operators take when grid bottlenecks occur?\",\"answer\":\"If delays in grid expansion lead to congestion, operators must act using specific instruments and follow clear rules. A strong grid reduces congestion, but even countries with strong infrastructure can face bottlenecks that may cause renewable curtailment if unmanaged.\"}]","A Word on Grids - How Electricity Grids Can Help Integrate Variable Renewable Energy | PDF",1789214282]