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Search performance also changes when the figure and ground roles are swapped, producing asymmetry. This work explains the qualitative behavior of pop-out and asymmetry using a V1 segmentation model based on intracortical interactions that adjust target and distractor saliencies via contextual influences.",{"@graph":63,"@context":113},[64,80,96],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":46,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/paper-templates/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/a-v1-model-of-pop-out-and-asymmetry-in-visual-search-paper/193079/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"author":82,"headline":59,"publisher":85,"fileFormat":88,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":89,"datePublished":90,"encodingFormat":88,"isAccessibleForFree":91,"interactionStatistic":92},"DigitalDocument",{"name":83,"@type":84},"Ivy","Person",{"url":68,"name":86,"@type":87},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-04","2026-09-03",true,{"@type":93,"interactionType":94,"userInteractionCount":9},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":95},"ViewAction",{"@type":97,"mainEntity":98},"FAQPage",[99,105,109],{"name":100,"@type":101,"acceptedAnswer":102},"What does visual search depend on in finding a target?","Question",{"text":103,"@type":104},"Visual search depends on how target features differ from distractors. Targets with unique features can pop out pre-attentively, while targets defined by missing features or feature conjunctions are harder to detect.","Answer",{"name":106,"@type":101,"acceptedAnswer":107},"Why does switching figure and ground change search difficulty?",{"text":108,"@type":104},"Asymmetry arises because the ease of target detection can depend on the relative saliencies created by contextual influences. When figure and ground roles are switched, the target–distractor pair produces different saliency relationships.",{"name":110,"@type":101,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the V1 model explain pop-out and asymmetry?",{"text":112,"@type":104},"The model uses pre-attentive V1 segmentation with intracortical horizontal interactions. These interactions transform input patterns into cell responses that alter the saliencies of targets and distractors based on their features and the surrounding context.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":115,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":86,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":117,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":119,"site_id":56},193079,1788425793,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":122},{"doc_id":119,"user_id":123,"nickname":83,"user_avatar":124,"doc_module":9,"category_id":45,"category_name":46,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":125,"file_id":126,"file_url":127,"file_type":128,"file_size":129,"view_count":9,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":130,"language":131,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":132,"faqs":133,"seo_title":134,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":120,"read_time":76},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","# A V1 model of pop out and asymmetry invisual search\n\nZhaoping LiUniversity College London,z.li@ucl.ac.uk  \n## Abstract\n\nVisual search is the task of finding a target in an image against abackground of distractors.Unique features of targets enable themto pop out against the background,while targets defined by lacks offeatures or conjunctions of features are more difficult to spot.It isknown that the ease of target detection can change when the rolesof figure and ground are switched.The mechanisms underlyingthe ease of pop out and asymmetry in visual search have beenelusive.This paper shows that a model of segmentation in V1 basedon intracortical interactions can explain many of the qualitativeaspects of visual search.  \n## 1 Introduction\n\nVisual search is closely related to visual segmentation,and therefore can be used todiagnose the mechanisms of visual segmentation.For instance,a red dot can pop-out against a background of green distractor dots instantaneously,suggesting thatonly pre-attentive mechanisms are necessary(Treisman et al,1990).On the otherhand,it is much more difficult to search for a red‘X’among green ‘X’s and red‘O's-the time it takes to detect the target's presence increases with the number ofbackground distractors,suggesting some form of attentive serial search.Sometimes,the search times change when the role of the figure (target)and ground (distractors)are switched--asymmetry in visual search.For instance,it is easier to find a longerbar in a background of shorter bars than vice-versa.  \nIt has been unclear which visual areas or neural mechanisms are responsible forthe pop out and asymmetry in visual search.There are,however,psychophysi-cal theories(Treisman et al 1990,Treisman and Gormican 1988)which argue thatvisual inputs are coded in a number of primitive or basic feature dimensions:ori-entation,color,brightness,motion direction,disparity,line ends,line intersections,and closure.A target can pop-out preattentively if it has a feature in one of thesedimensions,such as a particular color or orientation,which is absent in the distrac-  \ntors.Hence,a red dot pops out among green ones.However,red 'X'is difficultto spot among green ‘X's and red 'O's because neither being red nor beingX’isunique for the target,and therefore serial search is required.While a vertical linepops out of horizontal ones and vice versa without any search asymmetry,searchasymmetry will arise when a single feature in which target and distractors differ ispresent in one of the two and absent or reduced in the other.Hence,a long line ismore easily spotted among short lines than the reserve.This theory has been veryhelpful in understanding search phenomena.However,it has to make assumptionsabout what are the primitive feature dimensions,as well as what constitutes largeror smaller values along a given dimension.For instance,to explain that a curvedline is more easily spotted among straight lines than the reverse,the theory hasto define straightness as the default or standard,and curvaciousness as the devi-ation from this standard and thus an added feature.Empirically,other pairs ofstandard and deviant properties include vertical versus tilted,parallel versus con-vergent,short vs long lines,circle vs ellipse,and complete versus incomplete circles.The basis behind these assumptions are not completely clear.Other related theorieshave similar problems.For instance,Julesz's texton theory(Julesz 1981)for visualsegmentation or pop out starts off by assuming a complete set of special featuresthat constitute textons.  \nThis paper proposes and demonstrates in a model that pre-attentive mechanismsin V1 can qualitatively explain many of the phenomena of visual search.It isassumed that the ease of search is determined by the relative saliencies of the targetand distractors.Intracortical interactions in V1 alter the saliencies of targets anddistractors according to their own image features as well as those of the distractoror targets images that form t","cbCainjOF01cwFxh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainjOF01cwFxh","pdf",1634299,7,"English","# Abstract\n# 1 Introduction\n# 2 The V1 model","[{\"question\":\"What does visual search depend on in finding a target?\",\"answer\":\"Visual search depends on how target features differ from distractors. Targets with unique features can pop out pre-attentively, while targets defined by missing features or feature conjunctions are harder to detect.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does switching figure and ground change search difficulty?\",\"answer\":\"Asymmetry arises because the ease of target detection can depend on the relative saliencies created by contextual influences. When figure and ground roles are switched, the target–distractor pair produces different saliency relationships.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the V1 model explain pop-out and asymmetry?\",\"answer\":\"The model uses pre-attentive V1 segmentation with intracortical horizontal interactions. These interactions transform input patterns into cell responses that alter the saliencies of targets and distractors based on their features and the surrounding context.\"}]","A V1 model of pop-out and asymmetry in visual search - Paper | PDF"]