[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-283066-105":53,"doc-detail-283066-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","a-comparative-analysis-of-owner-contractor-agreements-in-the-turkish-and-us-construction-industry-apr-2014","A Comparative Analysis of Owner-Contractor Agreements in the Turkish and US Construction Industry - Apr. 2014","","Successful and cost-effective construction depends on effective communication among participants and the clear definition of rights, responsibilities, and relationships between parties. Well-designed, complete agreements are essential to complete projects within target time, quality, and budget. This paper analyzes and compares owner-contractor agreements used in Turkey and the US by reviewing contractual elements, comparing standard forms, and identifying gaps in Turkish templates while proposing improvements.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/a-comparative-analysis-of-owner-contractor-agreements-in-the-turkish-and-us-construction-industry-apr-2014/283066/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-comparative-analysis-of-owner-contractor-agreements-in-the-turkish-and-us-construction-industry-apr-2014/283066.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Himbo","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-20","2026-09-16",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":9},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What role do contract documents play in construction projects?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Contract documents bridge the owner’s conceptual vision and the physical execution, and they support the successful completion of the project.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does the paper define the aim of the comparative analysis?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"It aims to analyze and compare owner-contractor agreements in Turkey and the US by clarifying construction contracts, explaining agreement elements, and comparing standard forms.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What are the main groups of construction contracts discussed in the paper?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Contracts are grouped by the number of contracts (single-prime vs. multiple-prime) and by payment method (lump sum, unit price, and cost-plus types).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},283066,1789588738,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":76},687197100911,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1785132997149421697","Apr. 2014, Volume 8, No. 4 (Serial No. 77), pp. 492-498  \nJournal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, ISSN 1934-7359, USA  \nD  \nDAVID PUBLISHING  \nA Comparative Analysis of Owner-Contractor Agreements in the Turkish and US Construction Industry  \nPinar Irlayici Cakmak and Elcin Tas  \nDepartment of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34743, Turkey  \nAbstract: Successful and cost-effective construction relies upon appropriate communication of the participants of the construction project. Hence, it is important to define the rights and responsibilities of the parties, and relationships among them. In this context, well-designed and complete agreement is essential and necessary for the successfully completion of a construction project within the desired time, quality and budget. In this paper, it is aimed to analyze and compare the owner-contractor agreements in the Turkish and the US construction industry. First, the importance of construction contracts and contractual elements of an agreement is determined, and then, the standard owner-contractor agreement which is used in the Turkish construction industry is analyzed and compared with the US standard owner-contractor agreement. Finally, the differences between these agreements are put forward, the lack and deficiencies of Turkish standard agreement form are determined, and appropriate suggestions are improved.  \nKey words: AIA (American Institute of Architects), construction contracts, KIK (Kamu Ihale Kurumu), owner-contractor agreement, standard forms.  \n1. Introduction  \nThe usual construction contract consists of a number of different documents. In order for the work to be completely defined, the contract must be accompanied by a number of other documents that (for the sake of convenience and propriety) are prepared separately from the body of the contract [1] . This collection of documents is known as contract documents. Contract documents play an important role in the development of a project and provide the bridge between the owner’s conceptual image of a project and the actual construction of the physical facility [2] . All the contract documents are important for successfully completion of a construction project, but the agreement is a vital one as it defines the relationships and obligations between owner and contractor and constitutes basic principles and  \nCorresponding author: Pinar Irlayici Cakmak, Ph.D. candidate, research fields: construction contracts, contract documents and contract administration. E-mail: [irlayici@itu.edu.tr](irlayici@itu.edu.tr).  \nprocedures ofthe contract.  \nThis paper aims to analyze and compare the owner-contractor agreements in the Turkish and the US construction industry. In order to reach this aim, first, the construction contracts are clarified, and then, the agreement and its contractual elements are explained. Next, US AIA (American Institute of Architects) standard contract forms and Turkish KIK (Kamu Ihale Kurumu) standard forms are represented. Of these documents, the owner-contractor agreement forms are selected for the comparative analysis. In this context, first, AIA Document A101-2007 Standard Form of Agreement between Owner and Contractor is compared with the KIK Standard Contract for Construction Works. Finally, the main differences between these agreements are put forward, the lack and deficiencies of Turkish standard agreement forms are determined, and appropriate suggestions are improved.  \nA Comparative Analysis of Owner-Contractor Agreements 493  \nin the Turkish and US Construction Industry  \n2. Construction Contracts  \nA contract is a legal agreement between two or more parties that agree to be bound in a relationship. These parties are bound to each other for a certain period of time by a unique and exclusive relationship they have created for their mutual benefit [3] . Although there are many types of construction contracts, they can be divided into two main groups, based on the number of contr","cbCaiepxzzxaF7Fu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiepxzzxaF7Fu","pdf",125323,7,"English","# Introduction\n# Construction Contracts","[{\"question\":\"What role do contract documents play in construction projects?\",\"answer\":\"Contract documents bridge the owner’s conceptual vision and the physical execution, and they support the successful completion of the project.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper define the aim of the comparative analysis?\",\"answer\":\"It aims to analyze and compare owner-contractor agreements in Turkey and the US by clarifying construction contracts, explaining agreement elements, and comparing standard forms.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main groups of construction contracts discussed in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"Contracts are grouped by the number of contracts (single-prime vs. multiple-prime) and by payment method (lump sum, unit price, and cost-plus types).\"}]","A Comparative Analysis of Owner-Contractor Agreements in the Turkish and US Construction Industry - Apr. 2014 | PDF"]