[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-219755-105":53,"doc-detail-219755-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","a-business-model-for-additive-manufacturing-of-recycled-plastics-towards-sustainability","A Business Model for Additive Manufacturing of Recycled Plastics towards Sustainability","","Additive manufacturing (AM) is positioned as a cost-effective, small-scale pathway to sustainability, yet progress is constrained by ambiguous cost calculation and the absence of a clear cost pattern for decision-making. This study proposes a business model that applies data from the Collection-Recycling-Manufacturing (CRM) framework, linking AM characteristics to cost patterns through standardisation, localisation, and collaboration. Generic cost formulas estimate total unit cost and support AM vs conventional manufacturing benchmarking, enabling stakeholder decision support for sustainable manufacturing integration.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/a-business-model-for-additive-manufacturing-of-recycled-plastics-towards-sustainability/219755/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-business-model-for-additive-manufacturing-of-recycled-plastics-towards-sustainability/219755.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Patrick","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-21","2026-09-08",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":79},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"Why does the study focus on cost patterns in additive manufacturing?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The study attributes slow AM progress to ambiguity in cost calculation and the lack of a cost pattern, which affects decision-making when applying AM to suitable applications.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Which framework and concepts does the proposed business model build on?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"The model applies data from the Collection-Recycling-Manufacturing (CRM) model and integrates three key concepts: standardisation, localisation, and collaboration.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are manufacturing costs estimated in the business model?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Cost modeling derives generic formulas from unit costs of tooling, molding, machine, materials, design, miscellaneous costs, and batch size, supporting quantitative analysis of total cost per unit.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},219755,1788890362,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":79,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":140},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","A Business Model for Additive Manufacturing of\nRecycled Plastics towards Sustainability\nHaishang Wu *, Hamid Mehrabi, Nida Naveed, Panagiotis Karagiannidis   * (haishang.wu@research.sunderland.ac.uk)\nFaculty of Technology, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, SR6 0DD, UK\nAbstract\nThe manufacturing landscape is ever-changing, and one of the most significant driving forces is the emergence of additive manufacturing (AM), which enables cost-effective and small-scale production towards sustainability. To better align AM with manufacturing in suitable applications, this study proposes a business model in terms of the cost pattern and scaling production supported by three key concepts: standardisation, localisation and collaboration.\nThe ambiguity of the cost calculation is one of the key factors slowing down AM progress, and a lack of a cost pattern affects decision-making when applying AM to appropriate applications. The business model in this study is focused on applying the data collected from previous research - Collection-Recycling-Manufacturing (CRM) model to discover implications of AM processes on the road to sustainable manufacturing. The novel business model envisions the nature of AM characteristics, and their linkages to cost patterns, so AM applications can be integrated into a cost-effective process. This study contributes qualitative analysis in the cost patterns’ integration. Through this integration, the business model mediates the gap between technologies and applications via the formulas of cost pattern, so AM can perform its appropriate role in the industry mainstream.\nThe cost modeling, proposed in this study, derives generic formulas via the unit cost of tooling, molding, machine, materials, design, miscellaneous cost, and the batch size. Business model applies the “Divide-and-Conquer” concept, Convergence effect, and data analysis to support quantitative analysis. The model can calculate total cost per unit and accuracy is close to 100%. Through the novelty of this model, AM and conventional manufacturing (CM) cost benchmarking and decision support functions are enabled to aid in stakeholder decision-making. Eventually, appropriate AM technologies and processes can synchronise with localisation, standardisation, and collaboration and ultimately, the impact of AM towards sustainable manufacturing.\nKeywords: sustainability, collaboration, additive manufacturing, localisation, cost model, home-based manufacturing\nIntroduction\n1.1. Background\nAdditive manufacturing (AM) processes, particularly the 3D printing of plastics, have revolutionized tmanufacturing sector through the production of parts and components using minimum process steps and a CAD file. Here, in this paper, AM and conventional manufacturing (CM) processes, such as plastic injection moulding are reviewed and compared. Strategies and plans for three key concepts are discussed, followed by AM trend analysis and conclusions.\nSustainable manufacturing has become a critical mission in this decade. A key principle of industrial ecology shall be a close monitoring of sources and sinks of natural resources and promotion of the regenerative function of resources where consumption should not exceed the regeneration rate. For countries that emphasise the importance of recycling and its technology, recycling has significantly reduced environmental impact at the end of life (EOL) while producing tremendous socioeconomic values (Peeter et al., 2017). Cost savings and the advantages of materials recycling are investigated in our previous studies because the material recycling rates in developed countries are low, while in developing countries, the material recycling rates are close to zero (d’Ambrières, 2019).\nBecause of the huge scope and wide coverage, a cross-disciplinary investigation in technology, industry and policy is proposed to leverage their interferences. For this reason, this research applies a framework to envision the coherence and correlations of","cbCaimr7hhbnJTgd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimr7hhbnJTgd","docx",278735,23,"English","# Abstract\n## Background and motivation\n## Proposed business model and key concepts\n## Cost modeling approach\n## Benchmarking and decision support","[{\"question\":\"Why does the study focus on cost patterns in additive manufacturing?\",\"answer\":\"The study attributes slow AM progress to ambiguity in cost calculation and the lack of a cost pattern, which affects decision-making when applying AM to suitable applications.\"},{\"question\":\"Which framework and concepts does the proposed business model build on?\",\"answer\":\"The model applies data from the Collection-Recycling-Manufacturing (CRM) model and integrates three key concepts: standardisation, localisation, and collaboration.\"},{\"question\":\"How are manufacturing costs estimated in the business model?\",\"answer\":\"Cost modeling derives generic formulas from unit costs of tooling, molding, machine, materials, design, miscellaneous costs, and batch size, supporting quantitative analysis of total cost per unit.\"}]","A Business Model for Additive Manufacturing of Recycled Plastics towards Sustainability | DOCX",8]