[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-39849-id":3,"doc-seo-39849-113":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-id-113":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},39849,4398048950312,"Violet","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002538284de19e3c?_k=1778320343897328908",55,"Agama & Spiritualitas","Monotheisme Yahudi Kuno dan Doktrin Trinitas","Penelitian ini mengkaji monoteisme Yahudi kuno dan memperbandingkannya dengan doktrin Trinitas dalam Alkitab, khususnya melalui surat Paulus (Surat Efesus) dan Injil Yohanes. Metode kualitatif digunakan dengan penekanan pada kajian biblika. Kesimpulannya, pola-pola triadik menjadi pusat teologi Paulus dalam Efesus. Namun, praktik penyembahan dan devosi Kekristenan mula-mula cenderung mengikuti pola binitarian/diadik, dengan objek penerima penyembahan dan devosi didominasi Bapa dan Anak, bukan Roh Kudus. Pola ini berakar pada monoteisme Yahudi kuno.","Jurnal Luxnos Vol . 4, No . 1, Edisi Januari-Juni 2018  \nMonotheisme Yahudi Kuno dan Doktrin Trinitas  \nDeky Hidnas Yan Nggadas  \nSekolah Tinggi Teologi Huperetes, Batam [deky_nggadas@yahoo.com](deky_nggadas@yahoo.com)  \nAbstract: This study examines ancient Jewish monotheism and compares it with the doctrine of the trinity in the Bible, particularly in Paul's epistles (Ephesians) and the Gospel of John. Researchers used qualitative methods with an emphasis on biblical studies. Researchers conclude that triadic patterns are central to Paul's theology in Ephesians. On the other hand, from the point of view of the practice of worship and devotion, early Christianity seemed to be dominated by a binitarian or diadid pattern of worship (as Hurtado argues) . Was the Holy Spirit worshiped in the worship practices and devotion of early Christianity? The evidence from the NT forces us to refrain from giving positive answers to this question. This does not mean that the Holy Spirit is not presented as God (cf. John 14-16; etc.), but that the objects of recipients of worship and devotion in the NT pages are dominated by the Father and the Son. This pattern of worship finds its background not in the Greco-Roman religions, but in ancient Jewish monotheism. From ancient Jewish monotheism too, we find reference to the Christology of divine identity which was so dominant in the NT.  \nKeywords: Monotheism, Trinity, Exegesis, Ephesians  \nAbstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang monoteisme Yahudi kuno dan membandingkannya dengan doktrin trinitas dalam Alkitab, khususnya dalam surat Paulus (Surat Efesus) dan juga Injil Yohanes. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menitikberatkan pada kajian biblika. Peneliti menyimpulkan pola-pola triadik merupakan pusat teologi Paulus dalam Surat Efesus. Di sisi lain, dari segi praktik penyembahan dan devosinya, Kekristenan mula-mula tampaknya didominasi oleh pola penyembahan yang binitarian atau diadik (seperti argumentasi Hurtado) . Apakah Roh Kudus disembah dalampraktik penyembahan dan devosi Kekristenan mula-mula? Bukti-bukti dari PB memaksakita untuk menahan diri dalam memberikan jawaban positif terhadap pertanyaan ini. Hal ini tidak berarti bahwa Roh Kudus tidak dipresentasikan sebagai Allah (bnd. Yoh. 14-16; dll.), namun memang objek penerima penyembahan dan devosi dalam halaman-halaman PB didominasi oleh Bapa dan Anak. Pola penyembahan ini, mendapatkan latar belakangnyabukan dalam agama-agama Greco-Roman, melainkan dalam monotheisme Yahudi kuno. Dari monotheisme Yahudi kuno juga, kita mendapati acuan bagi Kristologi identitas ilahi yang sangat dominan dalam PB.  \nKata Kunci: Monoteisme, Trinitas, Eksegesis, Efesus  \nPendahuluan  \nPenelitian ini diawali dengan mengutip James M. Renihan, Professor of Historical Theology di Institute of Reformed Baptist Studies:  \nTeologi tidak muncul di dalam sebuah ruang hampa (vacuum) . Ia berkembang keluardari situasi-situasi kehidupan yang nyata. Orang mempelajari Firman Allah,  \nDecky H . Y . Nggadas  \nmerenungkan pengajarannya, dan mengekspresikan kesimpulan-kesimpulan mereka. Sering kali kondisi-kondisi kehidupanlah yang memaksa mereka untuk memikirkandengan lebih teliti (closely) dan lebih jelas (clearly) tentang pandangan-pandangandoktrinal mereka dan yang menajamkan ekspresi-ekspresi kebenaran.1  \nKesimpulan ovservasi Profesor Renihan di atas memang tidak bisa disangkal, bahkan ketika kita bicara tentang doktrin sepenting doktrin Tritunggal yang merupakan “salah satu doktrin paling penting dalam iman Kristen,”2 atau doktrin yang dalam kata-kata Herman Bavinck, merupakan “the heartbeat of the Christian religion” (“denyut jantung  \nagama Kristen”) .3  \nDari sejarah, kita mengetahui bahwa belum pernah ada formulasi doktrinal yang resmi mengenai Allah Tritunggal hingga Konsili Nicea (325 M) .4 Persisnya, kita mendapati peran besar Athanasius, Bishop dari Aleksandria (+ 296-373 M) dalam Kontroversi Arian yang memicu diadakannya Konsili Nicea.5 Didalam Konsil","cbCaiaDgyZTR7n7d","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaDgyZTR7n7d","pdf",622302,5,1,38,"Indonesian","id",113,"# Pendahuluan\n## Perkembangan doktrin dan konteks historis\n## Konsili Nicea dan kontroversi Arian\n## Rumusan homoousia dan pertanyaan perbedaan entitas","[{\"question\":\"Penelitian ini membandingkan monoteisme Yahudi kuno dengan doktrin Trinitas berdasarkan bagian Alkitab apa?\",\"answer\":\"Penelitian membandingkan monoteisme Yahudi kuno dengan doktrin Trinitas melalui surat Paulus, khususnya Surat Efesus, serta Injil Yohanes.\"},{\"question\":\"Apa temuan utama penelitian mengenai pola teologi Paulus dalam Surat Efesus?\",\"answer\":\"Pola-pola triadik dinyatakan menjadi pusat teologi Paulus dalam Surat Efesus.\"},{\"question\":\"Bagaimana kesimpulan penelitian tentang praktik penyembahan dan devosi Kekristenan mula-mula terkait Roh Kudus?\",\"answer\":\"Bukti dari Perjanjian Baru mendorong penegasan bahwa respons positif bahwa Roh Kudus adalah objek penyembahan dalam devosi mula-mula tidak dapat diberikan. Objek penerima penyembahan dan devosi didominasi oleh Bapa dan Anak, sementara Roh Kudus tetap dipresentasikan sebagai Allah.\"}]",1783087450,59,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"ancient-jewish-monotheism-and-the-doctrine-of-the-trinity","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/id/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/id/document/agama-spiritualitas/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/id/document/ancient-jewish-monotheism-and-the-doctrine-of-the-trinity/39849/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-24","2026-07-03",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Penelitian ini membandingkan monoteisme Yahudi kuno dengan doktrin Trinitas berdasarkan bagian Alkitab apa?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Penelitian membandingkan monoteisme Yahudi kuno dengan doktrin Trinitas melalui surat Paulus, khususnya Surat Efesus, serta Injil Yohanes.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Apa temuan utama penelitian mengenai pola teologi Paulus dalam Surat Efesus?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Pola-pola triadik dinyatakan menjadi pusat teologi Paulus dalam Surat Efesus.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Bagaimana kesimpulan penelitian tentang praktik penyembahan dan devosi Kekristenan mula-mula terkait Roh Kudus?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Bukti dari Perjanjian Baru mendorong penegasan bahwa respons positif bahwa Roh Kudus adalah objek penyembahan dalam devosi mula-mula tidak dapat diberikan. Objek penerima penyembahan dan devosi didominasi oleh Bapa dan Anak, sementara Roh Kudus tetap dipresentasikan sebagai Allah.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,97,101,105,109,113,117,121,125,129],{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},60,"religion-spirituality",{"id":98,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":100},48,"Cerita & Novel","story-novel",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":104},56,"Gaya Hidup","lifestyle",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":108},51,"Komik","comic",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":112},53,"Layanan Kesehatan","healthcare",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":116},54,"Penelitian & Laporan","research-report",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":120},49,"Sastra","literature",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":124},52,"Teknologi","technology",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":128},50,"Ujian","exam",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":132},57,"Umum","general"]