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The study traces how the community faced near-total uprooting within less than a decade, from the anti-Jewish Farhud in 1941 to mass emigration to Israel in 1950. It analyzes the identity crisis triggered by rejection from nationalist Iraqi society and the resulting turn toward Zionist ideology. Using Zionist, Israeli, and British primary sources, it presents the encounter between Zionist goals and Iraqi Jews’ search for identity.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":45,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/religion-spirituality/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/zionism-in-an-arab-country-jews-in-iraq-in-the-1940s/404289/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/zionism-in-an-arab-country-jews-in-iraq-in-the-1940s/404289.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"วิน","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-14","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What historical period does the book focus on for Iraqi Jewry?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It centers on the upheaval from the Farhud in summer 1941 through mass emigration to Israel in 1950.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why is Iraqi Jewry described as both typical and exceptional?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It reflects broader processes such as modernization and emigration, yet stands out for the almost total uprooting of an ancient community in an extremely short time.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What role did nationalism in Iraq play in the Jews’ move toward Zionism?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Rejection by nationalist Iraqi society triggered an identity crisis and led many to seek an alternative, eventually embracing Zionist ideology and leaving for Israel.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},404289,1790824037,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":44,"category_name":45,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},2336475104736,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c5e0e5b17e70?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786591360781797222","ZIONISM IN AN ARAB COUNTRY  \nJews in Iraq in the 1940s  \nZIONISM IN AN ARAB COUNTRY  \nJews in Iraq in the 1940s  \nESTHER MEIR-GLITZENSTEIN  \nForeword  \nANITA SHAPIRA  \nFirst published 2004 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE  \nSimultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001  \nRoutledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.  \n“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to [http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/](http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/).”  \nCopyright © 2004 Esther Meir-Glitzenstein  \nBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Meir-Glitzenstein, Esther Zionism in an Arab country: Jews in Iraq in the 1940s 1. Jews—Iraq—History—20th century 2. Zionism—Iraq—History—20th century 3. Jews—Migrations I. Title 956.7’004924  \nISBN 0-203-34406-5 Master e-book ISBN  \nISBN- (Adobe e-Reader Format)  \nISBN 0-7146-5579-1 (hbk)  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meir-Glitzenstein, Esther. [Tenu’ah ha-Tsiyonit vi-Yehude ‘Irak, 1941–1950. English] Zionism in an Arab country: Jews in Iraq in the 1940s/Esther Meir-Glitzensteinforeward, [Anita Shapira. p. cm. Rev. translation of: Tenu](Anita Shapira. p. cm. Rev. translation of: Tenu)’ah ha-Tsiyonit viYehude ‘Irak, 1941–1950. includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Jews-History-20th century. 2. Zionism-Iraq. 3. Iraq-Ethnic relations. 4. Palestine-Emigration and immigration-History-20th century. 5. IraqEmmigration and immigration and History-20th century. I. Title. DS  \n149.5.I72M4513 2004 956.7’004924–dc22 2003062611  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher of this book.  \nDedicated with love to my mother, Tzivya née Hacham, and my late father, Mordechai Glitzenstein  \nAcknowledgements  \nThe first version of this book was published in Hebrew by Am Oved Publishers and Tel Aviv University in 1993, and it was based on a doctoral dissertation written in Tel Aviv University under the supervision of Professor Anita Shapira. The changes that have occurred in Zionism historiography since the book was published, new research studies on Israel and the Jews in Islamic countries, my own recent research on the subject, and new insights that I have gained, prompted me to take another look atthe book and at its structures and main theses. I changed the structure of the book, shortened it, added new chapters and updated it.  \nI would like to thank the Koret Foundation in San Francisco for its generous assistance and also the Iraqi Jews’ Educational Development Fund in Israel, especially Mr Oved Ben-Ozer.  \nI owe thanks to Professor Avishai Braverman, the president of BenGurion University; and to the rector, Professor Nahum Finger. I also owe thanks to Dr Ofer Shiff, the director of the Ben-Gurion Research Center at Sde Boker Campus, and to Dr Tuvia Friling, the former director, without whose assistance this book could not have been published.  \nList of Illustrations  \n1. An alley in the Jewish Quarter in Baghdad.  \n2. King Faisal I.  \n3. The Jewish senator, Menahem Daniel.  \n4. Rabbi Sasson Kadoorie, the president of the Jewish community.  \n5. The famous lawyer, Yosef el-Kabir.  \n6. Abraham el-Kabir, the director-general of the Treasury.  \n7. Enzo Sereni, the founder of the ‘Hehalutz’ movement in Iraq.  \n8. The family of Rahamim Sehayek. The first emissaries lived in the family house.  \n9. Some members of the ‘Hehalutz’movement in Basra,1943  \n10. Abicycle excursion in Baghdad.  \n11. Members of the Aliyah Committee in Basra, 1950  \n12. Zionist activists (from left to right): the emissaries, Shmuel Moriya and Shlomo Hillel, and the wirel","cbCaik4OetysQLIH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik4OetysQLIH","pdf",2997891,327,"English","# Foreword\n## The story of Iraqi Jewry in the twentieth century\n## Modernization, emigration, and resettlement\n## From Farhud to mass emigration (1941-1950)\n## Zionist ideology and identity formation\n## Sources and perspective of the study","[{\"question\":\"What historical period does the book focus on for Iraqi Jewry?\",\"answer\":\"It centers on the upheaval from the Farhud in summer 1941 through mass emigration to Israel in 1950.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is Iraqi Jewry described as both typical and exceptional?\",\"answer\":\"It reflects broader processes such as modernization and emigration, yet stands out for the almost total uprooting of an ancient community in an extremely short time.\"},{\"question\":\"What role did nationalism in Iraq play in the Jews’ move toward Zionism?\",\"answer\":\"Rejection by nationalist Iraqi society triggered an identity crisis and led many to seek an alternative, eventually embracing Zionist ideology and leaving for Israel.\"}]","Zionism in an Arab Country - Jews in Iraq in the 1940s | PDF",1790546790,824]