[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-598399-105":59,"doc-detail-598399-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","zero-tolerance-vs-restorative-justice-in-the-united-states-analysis-and-policy-implications","Zero Tolerance vs Restorative Justice in the United States - Analysis and policy implications","","Compares “Zero Tolerance” school discipline policies with restorative justice approaches in the United States, explaining how punitive exclusionary practices developed and how they affected students and school communities. Traces the policy origins from the early 1990s “tough-on-crime” mindset and the 1994 Gun-Free Schools Act, then describes later expansions to other offenses and the resulting school security climate. Highlights the school-to-prison pipeline and notes growing state legislative shifts toward restorative practices for marginalized students.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/zero-tolerance-vs-restorative-justice-in-the-united-states-analysis-and-policy-implications/598399/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/zero-tolerance-vs-restorative-justice-in-the-united-states-analysis-and-policy-implications/598399.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"A glass of water","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the central contrast between Zero Tolerance and restorative justice in school discipline?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Zero Tolerance relies on punitive, often exclusionary responses that separate students from peers. Restorative approaches focus on alternatives intended to meet students’ needs rather than alienating them from school communities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did Zero Tolerance policies originate in the United States?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They emerged from an early-1990s punitive “tough-on-crime” mindset and were formalized with the 1994 Gun-Free Schools Act, which required expulsion for students who brought a firearm to school to qualify for federal funds.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why do the document’s authors argue Zero Tolerance can contribute to a school-to-prison pipeline?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The text explains that harsh disciplinary actions can put students on a path into juvenile or criminal justice systems, and that treating students like criminals can become a self-fulfilling pattern.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},598399,1792113108,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090760832,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","DOI: [https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.1414](https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.1414)  \nZero Tolerance vs Restorative Justice in the United States  \nKimberly Battjes*1 and Lilly Zane Kaplan2  \n• As schools across the United States begin to move away from the harsh Zero Tolerance policies that characterised the better part of the previous three decades, there is an opportunity to change the focus of school discipline. Frequently, school discipline policies are centred on punitive approaches that separate students from their peers. Rather than meeting the needs of these students, schools alienate them from their peers, teachers, and school communities. The goal of the education system is to provide children and adolescents with a quality education that will allow them to grow into productive and participating members of society. Zero Tolerance and school discipline policies were created to protect students, but, in practice, these policies have proven to be harmful and have unintended consequences. Too often, punitive disciplinary action in the school setting puts students on a pathway that leads into the juvenile or criminal justice system. Although the Zero Tolerance policy is a federal initiative, many states are beginning to realise the harmful impacts this policy has on students, especially marginalised students. As a result, states are beginning to pass legislation that veers away from Zero Tolerance, focusing more on alternatives like restorative practices. This article will explore these issues and share information on policies current states are using and the implications of these policies on students, as well as the school-to-prison pipeline.  \nKeywords: restorative practices, school discipline, zero tolerance policies, school-to-prison pipeline  \n1 *Corresponding Author. School of Social Work at Michigan State University, USA; KBATTJES@MSU.EDU.  \n2 Loyola University Chicago, USA.  \nNičelna toleranca proti restorativni pravičnosti v Združenih državah Amerike  \nKimberly Battjes in Lilly Zane Kaplan  \n• Ko se šole po Združenih državah Amerike začnejo odmikati od ostrepolitike ničelne tolerance, ki je bila značilna za večji del prejšnjih trehdesetletij, vznika priložnost, da se spremeni goriščna točka šolske discipline. Njene politike so pogosto osredinjene na kaznovalne pristope, ki delujejo ločevalno, s tem ko jih namesto zadovoljevanja potreb tehučencev šole odtujijo od vrstnikov, učiteljev in od šolskih skupnosti. Cilj izobraževalnega sistema je otrokom in mladostnikom zagotoviti kakovostno izobrazbo, ki jim bo omogočila, da odrastejo v produktivne in participativne člane družbe. Politike ničelne tolerance in šolske discipline so bile oblikovane za zaščito učencev, vendar so se v praksi izkazale za škodljive in imajo neželene posledice. Kazenski disciplinski ukrepi v šolskem okolju prepogosto postavijo učence na pot, ki vodi v kazenskopravni sistem za mladoletnike ali kazensko pravosodje. Čeprav je politika ničelne tolerance zvezna pobuda, se številne države začenjajo zavedati škodljivih vplivov, ki jih ima ta politika na učence, zlasti marginalizirane učence. Posledično države začenjajo sprejemati zakonodajo, ki se odmika od ničelne tolerance in se bolj osredinja na alternative, kot so restorativne prakse. Ta članek raziskuje tovrstna vprašanja in pred  \nstavi informacije o politikah, ki jih trenutno uporabljajo zvezne države, in posledicah teh politik za učence pa tudi o neposredni poti od šole do zapora.  \nKljučne besede: restorativne prakse, šolska disciplina, politika ničelne tolerance, pot od šole do zapora  \nOrigin and Evolution of Zero Tolerance  \nIn the early 1990s, when crime rates were at an all-time high, the Congress of the United States adopted a punitive mindset centred around ‘toughon-crime’ approaches in educational settings. The criminalisation of juveniles during this time created a school discipline climate characterised by harsh punishment (Kang-Brown et al., 2013). The Gun-Free Schools Act, passed by C","cbCail1nhdI0Gkgm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCail1nhdI0Gkgm","pdf",291427,"English","# Zero Tolerance vs Restorative Justice in the United States\n## Origin and Evolution of Zero Tolerance","[{\"question\":\"What is the central contrast between Zero Tolerance and restorative justice in school discipline?\",\"answer\":\"Zero Tolerance relies on punitive, often exclusionary responses that separate students from peers. Restorative approaches focus on alternatives intended to meet students’ needs rather than alienating them from school communities.\"},{\"question\":\"How did Zero Tolerance policies originate in the United States?\",\"answer\":\"They emerged from an early-1990s punitive “tough-on-crime” mindset and were formalized with the 1994 Gun-Free Schools Act, which required expulsion for students who brought a firearm to school to qualify for federal funds.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do the document’s authors argue Zero Tolerance can contribute to a school-to-prison pipeline?\",\"answer\":\"The text explains that harsh disciplinary actions can put students on a path into juvenile or criminal justice systems, and that treating students like criminals can become a self-fulfilling pattern.\"}]","Zero Tolerance vs Restorative Justice in the United States - Analysis and policy implications | PDF",1792086860,48]