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They look extremely timid, but are really sociable and caring. They appear to be unfriendly, but they are both affectionate and dignified. At their young age, they already know war…but also love.  \nIn the rebel towns of the Mexican state of Chiapas, there are dozens, hundreds, thousands of boys and girls struggling among war and poverty. They are an active part of the Zapatista revolution.  \n“We live in a bit of poverty, a little bit,” Hugo, 12, told us in this Zapatista village.“But the important thing is that we are happy and free, the same as our parents.”  \nThis boy has lived alone with his mother since he was three. Still very young, he took on an adult role in the family, cutting firewood, clearing paths and grinding coffee, and participating in communal work. All families here, as in other Zapatista towns, must send representatives to help in communal projects.  \nDuring part of the year, he must attend school as well.  \nZapatista boys riding on the roof of a bus from the autonomous municipalities.  \nNow, however, is the time of the year when people in these autonomous lands sow their fields, especially their cornfields, and classes are suspended.  \nWhile the youngest are on vacation, high-school students attend classes to learn to be teachers. Soon, they will be teaching the youngest children.  \nSubcomandante Marcos, in his 2001 communiqué “The Devils of the New Century (The Zapatista  Children in the Year 2001, Seventh Year of the War Against Oblivion),” wrote:  \nThis is not a political text. It is about Zapatista boys and girls, about those who were, about those who are, and about those who are to come. It is, therefore, a text of love…and war.  \nChildren can make wars and loves, meetings and misunderstandings. Unpredictable and unwitting magicians, children play and go about creating the mirror which the world of adults avoids and detests. They have the power to change their environment, and to turn, for example, an old frayed hammock into a modern airplane, into a cayuco, into a car in  \nPhoto: Alex Contreras Baspineiro, D.R. 2004  \norder to go to San Cristóbal de Las Casas. A simple doodle, traced with the pencil which La Mar provides them with for these occasions, gives them the artillery for recounting a complicated history in which “last night” can encompass hours or months, and “in a bit”  \ncould mean “the next century,” in which (is anyone in doubt?) they are heroes and heroines. And they are, but not just in their fictitious histories, but also, and above all, in the fact of their being indigenous boys and girls in the mountains of the Mexican southeast.  \nNine are the circles of Dante’s inferno. Nine the prisons which confine indigenous children in Mexico: hunger, ignorance, illness, work, mistreatment, poverty, fear, forgetting and death.  \n– Subcomandante Marcos,“Los Diablos del Nuevo Siglo,” translated by Irlandesa  \nThe Indigenous Culture  \nMost of the Zapatista children walk barefoot; very few of them wear sandals. They are hard workers, and expert swimmers in the rivers. While the girls help wash clothes at the river, the boys catch crayfish.  \nThey learn to ride horses at an early age.“They are our toys. Like other kids have bicycles, we have  \nhorses,” a boy named Ramón told us.  \nChildren drawing in a reporter’s notebook, in La Realidad.  \nPhoto: Alex Contreras Baspineiro, D.R. 2004  \nWhen Zapatista children see an “outsider,” they don’t talk to him or her at first, as their parents and the community have instructed them. Later, they will approach to ask the visitor for all of his or her personal details, and rush to tell their parents the","cbCaiakI9hRinwfj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiakI9hRinwfj","pdf",116306,"English","# Zapatista Children and the Secrets of War\n## Life in autonomous Zapatista towns\n## Education and interaction with outsiders\n## Indigenous culture and daily practices\n## A dramatic health situation","[{\"question\":\"How do Zapatista children contribute to community life while growing up?\",\"answer\":\"They participate in communal work, take on family responsibilities from an early age, and help with tasks such as farming preparation, firewood cutting, and other collective projects.\"},{\"question\":\"What makes their education different from formal schooling?\",\"answer\":\"Education prioritizes indigenous culture, math, health, history, and the rights of the poor, using Spanish while aiming to equip children to defend themselves in the wider world.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the community handle health challenges for children?\",\"answer\":\"Before the uprising many children died from poverty-related infections; afterward, La Realidad developed micro-clinics and healthcare across the caracoles combining natural and western medicine.\"}]","Zapatista Children and the Secrets of War | PDF"]