[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-109148-en":3,"doc-seo-109148-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},109148,549758146520,"Patrick","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470",8,"Research & Report","Zambia - Country Climate and Development Report Background Paper - Ecosystem Services","The Zambia Country Climate and Development Report Background Paper on Ecosystem Services analyzes how land cover changes and ecosystem degradation affect key ecosystem services under future pathways. It outlines a study approach covering baseline land cover in 2020, scenario definitions, projections to 2050, and valuation of ecosystem services across crop and livestock production, harvested wild resources, carbon storage and retention, erosion control, sediment retention, flow regulation, and nature-based tourism. Scenario analysis links environmental change to service outcomes to support climate and development decision-making.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nEASTERN AND  \n SOUTHERN AFRICA  \nZAMBIA  \n Background Paper: Ecosystem Services  \nWorld Bank Group  \nApril 2026  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................... I  \nABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................... III  \n1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 4  \n2 STUDY APPROACH ................................................................................................................. 5  \n2.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................................5  \n2.2 BASELINE, LAND COVER EXTENT, AND ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION IN 2020 ............................................................5  \n2.3 DEFINITION OF THE FUTURE SCENARIOS.........................................................................................................7  \n2.3.1 Business as Usual Scenario..................................................................................................................... 7  \n2.3.2 The Green Growth Scenario .................................................................................................................... 7  \n2.4 PROJECTION OF LAND COVER AND FUTURE SCENARIOS ....................................................................................9  \n2.4.1 Estimation of 2050 land cover under BAU ..............................................................................................9  \n2.4.2 Estimation of 2050 Land Cover under Green Growth Scenario...........................................................12  \n2.5 ESTIMATION AND VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ..................................................................................14  \n2.5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 14  \n2.5.2 Crop production ..................................................................................................................................... 14  \n2.5.3 Livestock production ............................................................................................................................. 15  \n2.5.4 Harvested wild resources ...................................................................................................................... 16  \n2.5.5 Global Climate Regulation .................................................................................................................... 18  \n2.5.6 Erosion control and sediment retention...............................................................................................19  \n2.5.7 Flow Regulation .....................................................................................................................................20  \n2.5.1 Nature-based tourism ...........................................................................................................................22  \n2.6 SCENARIO ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................22  \n3 BASELINE LAND COVER AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES .................................................................23  \n3.1 LAND COVER ............................................................................................................................................23  \n3.1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................23  \n3.1.2 Natural land cover ...................","cbCairTgMYsskKef","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairTgMYsskKef","pdf",15915393,6,1,100,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Study Approach\n## Overview\n## Baseline, land cover extent, and ecosystem degradation in 2020\n## Definition of the future scenarios\n## Projection of land cover and future scenarios\n## Estimation and valuation of ecosystem services\n## Scenario analysis\n# Baseline Land Cover and Ecosystem Services\n## Land cover\n## Extent of degradation of natural land cover\n## Benchmarking of land condition\n## Baseline assessment of ecosystem services","[{\"question\":\"What future scenarios are used in the ecosystem services analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The paper defines a Business as Usual scenario and a Green Growth scenario, then projects land cover and ecosystem service outcomes to 2050 for comparison.\"},{\"question\":\"Which ecosystem services are estimated and valued in the study?\",\"answer\":\"It estimates services including crop production, livestock production, harvested wild resources, global climate regulation (including carbon storage/retention), erosion control and sediment retention, flow regulation, and nature-based tourism.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study build the baseline before projecting changes?\",\"answer\":\"It develops a baseline using land cover extent and ecosystem degradation in 2020, then benchmarks land condition using indicators such as net primary productivity, NDVI trends, and carbon storage.\"}]","Zambia - Country Climate and Development Report Background Paper - Ecosystem Services | PDF",1784477332,252,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"zambia-country-climate-and-development-report-background-paper-ecosystem-services","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/zambia-country-climate-and-development-report-background-paper-ecosystem-services/109148/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-30","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"What future scenarios are used in the ecosystem services analysis?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"The paper defines a Business as Usual scenario and a Green Growth scenario, then projects land cover and ecosystem service outcomes to 2050 for comparison.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"Which ecosystem services are estimated and valued in the study?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"It estimates services including crop production, livestock production, harvested wild resources, global climate regulation (including carbon storage/retention), erosion control and sediment retention, flow regulation, and nature-based tourism.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"How does the study build the baseline before projecting changes?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"It develops a baseline using land cover extent and ecosystem degradation in 2020, then benchmarks land condition using indicators such as net primary productivity, NDVI trends, and carbon storage.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,112,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":108,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]