[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-109147-en":3,"doc-seo-109147-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},109147,549758146520,"Patrick","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470",8,"Research & Report","Zambia - Country Climate and Development Report Background Paper - Agricultural Nature-Based Solutions - April 2026","A background note for Zambia’s Country Climate and Development Report evaluates the benefits and costs of agricultural nature-based solutions to address climate change and food insecurity. The analysis focuses on nature-based solution scenarios, costs and benefits data across agro-ecological zones, and financial and funding gap results from capital budgeting and adoption effects. Results also include sensitivity and uncertainty assessment to support adaptation and mitigation investment decisions in rainfed smallholder systems.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nEASTERN AND  \n SOUTHERN AFRICA  \nZAMBIA  \n Background Paper: Agricultural Nature-Based Solutions  \nWorld Bank Group  \nApril 2026  \nBenefits and costs of agricultural naturebased solutions in Zambia  \nWorld Bank  \nNovember 2025  \nContents  \nList of acronyms................................................................................................................ 3  \n1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 4  \n2. NBS scenarios and data ............................................................................................. 7  \n2.1 Nature based solution (NbS) scenarios............................................................... 7  \n2.2 . Costs and benefits data for different NbS combinations .................................... 9  \n2.3 Costs and revenues per hectare by agroecological zone .....................................12  \n3. Financial and funding gap results...............................................................................13  \n3.1 Capital budgeting results.........................................................................................14  \n3.2 Benefits/gaps from agricultural NbS adoption ....................................................17  \n3.3 Benefits/gaps from agricultural NbS adoption by agroecological zone .................19  \n3.5 Sensitivity/uncertainty analysis .........................................................................23  \n4 Discussion and conclusions ......................................................................................26  \nReferences ......................................................................................................................31  \nAcknowledgements  \nThis report is a background note for the Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) . It was produced by a core team led by Hambulo Ngoma and Kelvin Mulungu (CIMMYT), and Dominick Revell de Waal and Matias Piaggio (World Bank), and included Ana Karla Perea Blazquez (World Bank), and Mark Manyanga, Esau Simutowe, and Christian Thierfelder (CIMMYT) .  \nThe report was prepared thanks to the support of the NBS Invest “Accelerating Nature-Based Solutions in Least Developed Countries” project, with financial support from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) . CIMMYT acknowledges additional support from the European Union funded Sustainable Intensification of Smallholder Farming Systems of Zambia (SIFAZ) Project and the CGIAR Scaling for Impact Science Program. The Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute (IAPRI) kindly provided the RALS 2019 data.  \nList of acronyms  \nAEI Annual Equivalent Income  \nAEZ Agro-Ecological Zone  \nBAU Business-As-Usual  \nCCDR Country Climate and Development Report  \nCI Confidence Interval  \nCP Conventional Practice  \nDTM Drought-Tolerant Maize  \nLEV Land Expectation Value  \nMT Minimum Tillage  \nNbS Nature-based Solutions  \nNPV Net Present Value  \nPP Pigeon Pea  \nR&D Research and Development  \nRALS Rural Agricultural Livelihoods Survey  \nREDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest  \nDegradation (and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks)  \nSIFAZ Sustainable Intensification of Smallholder Farming Systems in  \nZambia  \n1. Introduction  \nZambia is at a critical crossroad, facing rapidly rising food demand coupled with a surging climate crisis (IPCC, 2022). Population growth, increasing average incomes, and shifting dietary preferences are driving higher demand for food, while predominant rainfed smallholder farming systems are severely affected by increasing temperatures and drought stress, alongside delays and early cessation of rains (Cairns et al., 2013; Kassie et al., 2014; Canning et al., 2015) .  \nClimate change poses significant threats to agricultural production, food secur","cbCaigAQyGW0XS3Z","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigAQyGW0XS3Z","pdf",1053454,5,1,41,"English","en",105,"# Contents\n## List of acronyms\n## 1. Introduction\n## 2. NBS scenarios and data\n## 2.1 Nature based solution (NbS) scenarios\n## 2.2 Costs and benefits data for different NbS combinations\n## 2.3 Costs and revenues per hectare by agroecological zone\n## 3. Financial and funding gap results\n## 3.1 Capital budgeting results\n## 3.2 Benefits/gaps from agricultural NbS adoption\n## 3.3 Benefits/gaps from agricultural NbS adoption by agroecological zone\n## 3.5 Sensitivity/uncertainty analysis\n## 4. Discussion and conclusions\n## References\n## Acknowledgements","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the background paper address for Zambia’s agriculture?\",\"answer\":\"It addresses rising food demand combined with a worsening climate crisis affecting rainfed smallholder farming through higher temperatures, drought stress, and changing rainfall timing.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report structure its analysis of agricultural NbS?\",\"answer\":\"It assesses multiple NbS scenarios using costs and benefits data, then estimates financial and funding gap results through capital budgeting and adoption impacts across agro-ecological zones.\"},{\"question\":\"What additional evaluation is included beyond core cost-benefit results?\",\"answer\":\"The report includes sensitivity/uncertainty analysis to test how results respond to different assumptions and uncertainties.\"}]","Zambia - Country Climate and Development Report Background Paper - Agricultural Nature-Based Solutions - April 2026 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