[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-594249-105":59,"doc-detail-594249-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","yaqona-kava-and-the-school-campus-regulation-versus-facilitation","Yaqona (kava) and the school campus - Regulation versus facilitation","","Yaqona (kava) is presented as a culturally significant nightly non-alcoholic drink among many Fijians, taught through school-based protocols even though students do not typically consume it directly. The study examines Fijian teachers after an evening of yaqona use, using cognitive testing and interviews to assess effects on teaching quality and school environment. Findings indicate disruption of cognition and a potential negative impact on next-morning teaching, while the author argues prohibition would be shortsighted because yaqona facilitates school function, identity formation, and academic achievement.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/yaqona-kava-and-the-school-campus-regulation-versus-facilitation/594249/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/yaqona-kava-and-the-school-campus-regulation-versus-facilitation/594249.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Kurz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Why is yaqona (kava) important in Fijian school settings even when students do not consume it directly?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"School protocols for yaqona preparation and presentation are often taught to students so they can present the drink to visitors, open events, and support fundraisers.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What did the study find about the effects of yaqona on teachers’ ability to teach?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"After an evening of yaqona consumption, cognitively tested and interviewed teachers showed results suggesting yaqona can disrupt cognition and negatively affect teaching quality the morning after.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What argument does the author make against banning yaqona from Fijian school campuses?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Although prohibitions are considered when indigenous substances negatively affect productivity, the author argues banning yaqona would be short-sighted because it is critical for school facilitation, identity formation, and academic achievement.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},594249,1792078803,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":31},2336478945635,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Yaqona (kava) and the school campus: Regulation versus facilitation  \nApo Aporosa  \n1Te Huataki Waiora School of Health and Te Kura Whatu Oho Mauri School of Psychology, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand, email:  \n[apo.aporosa@waikato.ac. nz](apo.aporosa@waikato.ac. nz)  \nYa qona (kava) is a culturally significant, non-alcoholic drink consumed nightly by many Fijians.  \nAlthough ya qona is not consumed by primary or secondary school students, cultural protocols related to yaqona preparation and presentation are often taught in their schools, with students then presenting this indigenous drink to acknowledge visitors to the school, open events and support fundraisers. In the early 2000s, some within the Fiji Ministry of Education began questioning whether ya qona use by teachers was negatively impacting their teaching ability, suggesting it should be banned from the school campus. In this study, Fijian teachers were cognitively tested and interviewed following an evening of yaqona consumption with the results suggesting this indigenous substance can disrupt cognition and in turn negatively impact teaching quality the morning after consumption.  \nAlthough development theory prescribes prohibition and situational bans in cases where indigenous substances negatively impact productivity, the author argues that prohibiting ya qona in Fijian schools would be short-sighted, as the findings show that this traditional substance is critical to the facilitation of school function, identity formation, and academic achievement, all elements necessary to development.  \nKeywords: education, delivery and facilitation, achievement, culture, identity, kava, regulation  \nIntroduction  \nKava is a non-alcoholic drink with great cultural significance for many Pacific peoples. The use of kava by primary and secondary school teachers, particularly at school-related events and functions, and its impacts on their subsequent ability to teach is a matter of interest and concern for the Fiji Ministry of Education (“Bole advises against yaqona”, 2008; Chand, 2020; Ministry of Education, National Heritage, Culture and Arts, Youth and Sports, 2010; Nai, 2020) . However, attempts to date by the Ministry to regulate kava use in school contexts have created ambiguity and uncertainty, and are of questionable benefit (Aporosa, 2014, pp. 63–4) .  \nThe research discussed in this article was conducted in Fiji between 2009 and 2013, and examined the significance of culture and the kava drinking habits of Fijian teachers together with the impacts—positive and negative—that this drinking was having on both the quality of teaching and the overall environment in Fijian schools.  \nThe research informs the debate around what form, if any, kava regulation in Fijian schools should take by bringing together the available literature of the subject with local voices and perspectives on the  \nrelationship between kava and education. Importantly, it also illustrates what is at stake for all Fijians if this vital icon of cultural identity is banned or restricted.  \nAlthough conducted in Fiji, the study is of interest to all kava-using Oceanic cultures, where kava and its consumption is linked to cultural identity and practice (Aporosa, 2019a) . It is also important for policymakers and development practitioners, demonstrating the need to consider wider cultural and societal issues in development and developmental practice.  \nThe full research was published as a book by Pasifika@Massey (Massey University) entitled Yaqona (Kava) and Education in Fiji: Investigating “Cultural Complexities” from a Post-Development Perspective (Aporosa, 2014) . To aid further reading, page numbers, presented simply as (p. xx) unless included with other references, correspond with discussion in the book publication.  \nSince completing the research in 2013, the Fiji Ministry of Education (FMoE) has made little comment concerning kava in school environments. As will be","cbCaiaRcQ0RIQKow","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaRcQ0RIQKow","pdf",458014,"English","# Introduction\n## Yaqona (kava) as a culturally significant non-alcoholic drink\n## Debates over regulation in Fijian schools\n# Kava: An ingestible manifestation of culture\n## Kava preparation and cultural practices\n## Cultural roles and facilitation of decision-making\n## Regional and diaspora contexts","[{\"question\":\"Why is yaqona (kava) important in Fijian school settings even when students do not consume it directly?\",\"answer\":\"School protocols for yaqona preparation and presentation are often taught to students so they can present the drink to visitors, open events, and support fundraisers.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about the effects of yaqona on teachers’ ability to teach?\",\"answer\":\"After an evening of yaqona consumption, cognitively tested and interviewed teachers showed results suggesting yaqona can disrupt cognition and negatively affect teaching quality the morning after.\"},{\"question\":\"What argument does the author make against banning yaqona from Fijian school campuses?\",\"answer\":\"Although prohibitions are considered when indigenous substances negatively affect productivity, the author argues banning yaqona would be short-sighted because it is critical for school facilitation, identity formation, and academic achievement.\"}]","Yaqona (kava) and the school campus - Regulation versus facilitation | PDF"]