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The study measures effects of attending six Boston charter high schools on reading and math achievement, graduation, and college enrollment and persistence using randomized offers of admission and complier average causal effect (CACE). Findings include improved achievement, AP participation and results, and 2-year college enrollment within 6 months, with mixed graduation impacts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/wwc-single-study-review-review-of-the-report-stand-and-deliver-april-2016-revised/267467/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/wwc-single-study-review-review-of-the-report-stand-and-deliver-april-2016-revised/267467.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Pentious","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-09-14",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What outcomes does the study measure for students attending Boston charter high schools?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study measures reading and math achievement, high school graduation, college enrollment and persistence, and outcomes tied to Advanced Placement (AP) exams and the SAT.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the study handle the lottery-based admissions and estimate program effects?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Researchers analyze cohorts from 2002–09 admissions, using lottery selection and statistical techniques to estimate complier average causal effect (CACE) for students who would enroll if offered admission.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What did the review conclude about impacts on graduation and college outcomes?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The study found increased achievement and AP-related outcomes, increased 2-year college enrollment within 6 months, decreased graduation within 4 years, and no statistically significant impacts on graduation within 5 years.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},267467,1789419502,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374404730887,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","What Works Clearinghouse™ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION  \nWWC Single Study Review  \nA review of the design and summary of findings for an individual study  \nApril 2016 Revised*  \nWWC Review of the Report “Stand and Deliver: Effects of Boston’s Charter High Schools on College Preparation, Entry, and Choice”1,2  \nThe findings from this review do not reflect the full body of research evidence on Boston charter schools.  \nWhat is this study about?  \nThe study measured the effects of attending Boston charter high schools on students’ reading and math achievement, high school graduation, and college enrollment and persistence. Six Boston charter schools that included one or more high school grades participated in the study.  \nResearchers analyzed cohorts of students who applied to the study schools between 2002–09, a period when there were more applicants than the study schools could admit. When the number of applicants exceeded enrollment limits, a lottery was used to randomly select students who would be offered admission. Students who were not selected were not offered admission toa charter school. Some students who were offered admission did not ultimately enroll in a charter school, and some students who were not initially offered admission through the lottery ultimately enrolled in a charter school. The analytic sample contained up to 3,920 students who applied to a charter school.  \nStudy authors used statistical techniques to estimate the differences in outcomes for students who would enroll in a charter school if offered admission but would not enroll if they were assigned to the comparison group. These students are referred to as compliers, and the average effect of taking up the intervention among compliers is called the complier average causal effect (CACE) .3  \nThe study measured the CACE of attending a charter school on student achievement in math and  \nreading, rates of taking Advanced Placement (AP) exams and the SAT, performance on AP exams and the SAT, high school graduation within 4 and 5 years, college enrollment, and college persistence.4  \nWWC Rating  \nThe research described in this report meets WWC group design standards without reservations  \nThe study design is based on randomized offers of admission to charter schools. Using specialized statistical techniques, the study authors estimated the effects of enrollment in a charter school among students who would enroll in a charter school if offered admission and would not enroll in a charter school if they were not offered admission. This estimate is known as the complier average causal effect (CACE) .  \nThe meets WWC group design standards without reservations rating pertains to all analyses of outcomes measured in high school, such as highschool graduation rates and student performance on Advanced Placement (AP) exams and the  \nSAT. Some analyses of college enrollment and persistence do not meet WWC group design standards because the relationship between charter school enrollment and the lottery outcomes (“offered enrollment on the day of the lottery” and “ever offered enrollment”) is not sufficiently strong for the analytic samples. The WWC requires a sufficiently strong relationship between these variables because the strength of the relationship influences the precision of the statistical techniques that are used to calculate CACE estimates.5  \nWhat did the study find?  \nThe study authors found that enrollment in Boston charter schools increased student achievement in math and reading, the rates of taking AP exams, performance on AP exams and the SAT, and college enrollment at 2-year colleges within 6 months of high school graduation. The study also found that enrollment in Boston charter schools decreased the fraction of students graduating within 4 years, but there were no statistically significant impacts on the fraction of students graduating within 5 years. The study also reported that enrollment in Boston charter schools improved performance on AP exa","cbCairvwLJfwnDjw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairvwLJfwnDjw","pdf",810821,21,"English","# WWC Single Study Review\n## Study overview and research questions\n## How the study was designed and analyzed (CACE)\n## WWC rating and standards\n## Key findings\n## Features of Boston charter schools\n## Appendix A: Study details","[{\"question\":\"What outcomes does the study measure for students attending Boston charter high schools?\",\"answer\":\"The study measures reading and math achievement, high school graduation, college enrollment and persistence, and outcomes tied to Advanced Placement (AP) exams and the SAT.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study handle the lottery-based admissions and estimate program effects?\",\"answer\":\"Researchers analyze cohorts from 2002–09 admissions, using lottery selection and statistical techniques to estimate complier average causal effect (CACE) for students who would enroll if offered admission.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the review conclude about impacts on graduation and college outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"The study found increased achievement and AP-related outcomes, increased 2-year college enrollment within 6 months, decreased graduation within 4 years, and no statistically significant impacts on graduation within 5 years.\"}]","WWC Single Study Review - Review of the Report \"Stand and Deliver\" - April 2016 Revised | PDF",53]